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IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


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13  WIST  MAIN  STMIT 

WeBSTIR,N.Y.  UStO 

(716)173-4503 


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CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHIVI/ICIVIH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Inatituta  for  Hiatorical  Microraproductiona  /  Inatitut  Canadian  da  microraproductiona  hiatoriquaa 


©1984 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notas/Notas  tachniquas  at  bibliographiquas 


Tha  Instituta  has  attamptad  to  obtain  tha  bast 
original  copy  avaiiabia  for  filming.  Faaturas  of  this 
copy  which  may  ba  bibliographically  uniquSr 
which  may  altar  any  of  tha  imagas  in  tha 
raproduction,  or  which  may  significantly  changa 
tha  usual  mathod  of  filming,  ara  chackad  balow. 


□ 


D 


E 


D 


D 


Colourad  covars/ 
Couvartura  da  coulaur 


I      I    Covars  damagad/ 


Couvartura  andommagte 


Covers  rastorad  and/or  laminated/ 
Couvarture  restauria  et/ou  pellicula 


I      I   Cover  title  missing/ 


Le  litre  de  couverture  manque 


□   Coloured  maps/ 
Cartas  gtographiques  en  couleur 


Coloured  ink  (i.e.  other  than  blue  or  black)/ 
Encre  de  couleur  (i.e.  autre  que  bleue  ou  noire) 


□   Coloured  plates  and/or  illustrations/ 
Pii 


ianchas  et/ou  illustrations  an  couleur 


Bound  with  other  material/ 
RalM  avac  d'autras  documents 

Tight  binding  may  causa  shadows  or  distortion 
along  interior  margin/ 

l.areliure  serrAe  peut  causer  de  I'ombre  ou  de  la 
distortion  le  long  de  la  marge  intArieura 

Blank  leaves  added  during  restoration  may 
appear  within  the  text.  Whenever  possible,  these 
have  been  omitted  from  filming/ 
II  «e  peut  que  certaines  pages  blanches  ajoutAas 
lors  d'une  restauration  apparaisaant  dans  la  taxta. 
mais.  lorsqua  cela  Atait  possible,  cas  pages  n'ont 
pas  M  filmias. 

Additional  comments:/ 
Commentaires  suppl6mentaires: 


L'Institut  a  microfilm*  la  meilleur  exemplaire 
qu'il  iui  a  *t4  possible  de  se  procurer.  Les  details 
da  cat  exemplaire  qui  sont  peut-Atre  uniques  du 
point  de  vue  bibliographique,  qui  peuvent  modifier 
une  image  reproduite,  ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  une 
modification  dans  la  mAthoda  normaia  de  filmage 
sont  indlquAs  ci-ePessous. 


r~-\   Coloured  pages/ 


B 


Pages  de  couleur 

Pages  damaged/ 
Pages  endommagtes 

Pages  restored  and/oi 

Pages  restaurAas  et/ou  peliiculies 

Pages  discoio'jred.  stained  or  foxe< 
Pages  d*color*es.  tachcttas  ou  piquAas 

Pages  detached/ 
Pages  d*tach*es 

Showthrough/ 
Transparence 

Quslir;  of  prir 

Quaiit*  intgale  de  Timpresnion 

Includes  supplementary  matarii 
Comprend  du  materiel  suppMmentaIre 

Only  edition  availaLla/ 
Saule  Mition  disponible 


I     I  Pages  damaged/ 

I      I  Pages  restored  and/or  laminated/ 

I     I  Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed/ 

I      I  Pages  detached/ 

r~n  Showthrough/ 

I      I  Quslir;  of  print  varies/ 

rn  Includes  supplementary  materiel/ 

rn  Only  edition  availaLla/ 


Pages  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata 
slips,  tissuaa,  etc..  have  been  refilmed  to 
ensure  the  best  possible  Smaga/ 
Las  pages  totalament  ou  partiallement 
obscurcles  par  un  fauillet  d'errata.  une  pelure, 
etc..  ont  *t6  filmtes  A  nouveau  da  fapon  it 
obtanir  le  moilleure  image  possible. 


This  item  it  filmed  at  tha  raduetJon  ratio  chackad  belouv/ 

Ce  document  est  film*  au  taux  da  reduction  indiqu*  cl-daaaoua. 

10X  14X  1SX  22X 


2tX 


aox 


X 


12X 


16X 


aox 


MX 


32X 


The  copy  filmed  h«r«  has  bo«n  reproduced  thanks 
to  the  generosity  of: 

Library  of  the  Public 
Archives  of  Canada 


L'exemplaire  f ilmA  fut  reproduit  grice  A  la 
ginArosltA  de: 

iM  bibliothique  des  Archives 
publiques  du  Canada 


The  images  appearing  here  are  the  best  queilty 
possible  considering  the  condition  end  legibility 
of  the  original  copy  and  In  Iceeping  with  the 
filming  contract  specificaticns. 


Les  imeges  sulvantes  ont  AtA  reproduites  avec  le 
plus  grand  soln,  compte  tenu  de  la  condition  at 
de  la  nettetA  de  I'exempleire  film*,  et  en 
conformity  evec  les  conditions  du  contrat  de 
fiimage. 


Original  copies  in  printed  paper  covers  ere  filmed 
beginning  with  the  front  cover  and  ending  on 
the  last  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, or  the  bacic  cover  when  appropriate.  A!l 
other  original  copies  are  filmed  beginning  on  the 
first  page  wKh  a  printed  or  illustrated  Impres- 
sion, and  ending  on  the  last  page  with  a  printed 
■or  Illustrated  impression. 


Les  exempleires  originaux  dont  la  couverture  en 
papier  est  imprimte  sent  fllmds  en  commen(:ant 
par  le  premier  plat  et  en  termlnant  soit  par  la 
dernlAre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration,  soit  par  le  second 
plat,  salon  le  cas.  Tous  les  sutres  exempleires 
originaux  sent  filmte  en  commen^ant  par  la 
premiAre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreirte 
d'impression  ou  d'lHustrstion  et  en  terminent  par 
la  dernlAre  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 


The  last  recorded  freme  on  eech  microfiche 
shell  contain  the  symbol  — ^  (meaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  the  symbol  V  (meaning  "END"), 
whichever  applies. 


Un  des  symboles  suivonts  apparaftra  sur  la 
dernlAre  imege  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  ^e 
ces:  ie  symbols  — ►  si-irifie  "A  SUiVRE",  le 
symbols  ▼  signifie  "FIN". 


IMaps,  plates,  chrts,  etc.,  may  be  filmed  dt 
different  reductitn  ratios.  Those  too  lerge  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  ere  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  end  top  to  bottom,  es  many  framee  as 
required.  The  following  diegrems  iilustrete  the 
method: 


Les  cartas,  planches,  tabieeux.  etc.,  peuvent  Atre 
filmte  it  des  taux  de  rMuctlon  difftrents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  Atre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  cilchA,  11  est  film*  A  partir 
de  i'angle  supArieur  gauche,  de  geuche  A  droite. 
et  de  haut  en  bas.  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'images  nAcesssire.  Les  diagrammes  suivants 
illustrent  le  mAthode. 


1 

2 

3 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

(X)I..  CHBISTOPHBU    ORESNK 


Sii' KiJl'^^r"  Ju'  "■  ir  -i'iilX  I^  itij^r  im"  -  ]  mn  ■«»■  Ji'i'   Jil ''  ■  ■  L^i  "ijtiii'r' 


TO  URN  ,\  r 


EX'PKiuTi'^v  \i,  M\sT  uri-;i;Ec 


r\m:K 


s   '  -'.1   '*  T    \R\i.»l.l>, 


»J»       •    .«/)5,      -,    a^Jt      jy-^^ 


■vnn 

AN    INTRODITCTIO.V     AND    NOI'EB, 


OllAftl^E^   i.  LI  SljVELL 


Ifil- 


3k#iif  P*Br|t 


1«  SK 


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■oi 


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y  /d'Ts; 


t  ■'*«.•' ''>-,'  1* '  -, 


■  v*  -  ■ 


fUL    '.^iftWTWHl"     MirfeMf 


mmummmm 


JOUR:NrAL 


OK   TIIK 


EXPEl)ITIOi\  AGAINST  QUEBEC, 

UNDER  COMMAND  OF  COL.  BENEDICT  ARNOLD. 


IN  THE  YEAR  1775, 
BT 


MA  J.  RETURN  J.  MEIGS, 

WITH 

AN    INTRODUCTION     AND    NOTES, 


BY 


CIIAIiLES   1.  IJUSIINELL. 


1864. 


Entered,  according  to  Act  of  Congress,  In  tlie  year  1863,   by 
CHARLES  I.  BUSIINELl., 

In  the  Clerk's  Office  of  the  District  Court  of  the  United  States,  for  the 
Southern  District  of  New  York. 


INTRODUCTION. 


Quebec. 


ISTOR Y,  nowhere,  upon  its  checkered 
page,  records  an  enterprise  of  greater 
perseverance,  daring  and  intrepidity 
than  that  of  Arnold's   Expedition  to 
When  we  consider  the  extreme  difficul- 
ties and  dangers  encountered  by  that  hardy  band, 
unused  to  arms,  the  privations  and  sufferings  they 
endured,  and  the  firmness  evinced  by  them  under 
every  trial,  how  amazing  does  it  appear  1    Engag- 
ing in  the  service  for  the  common  cause  of  liberty, 
they  marched  through  a  dense  wilderness,  inter- 
rupted by  swamps,  cataracts,  precipices  and  moun- 
tains, in  the  midst  of  a  Canadian  winter,  remarka- 


IV 


INTIIODITCTION. 


blc  for  its  unusual  soverity  :  surely,  llio  expedition 
was  a  most  wontlerlul  one,  und  the  fame  of  those 
men  who  were  engaged  in  it,  must  and  ever  will 
shino  upon  history's  brightest  page. 

In  the  following  Journal,  which  r.ppears  now,  for 
the  first  time,  in  an  independent  fcrm,  will  bo  found 
u  daily  record  of  events  occurring  during  that 
memorable  campaign.  The  interest  of  the  subject 
is  in  no  degree  lost  by  the  lapse  of  time.  By  the 
historical  student  it  will  ever  bo  appreciated,  and 
the  patriotic  American  will  always  recur  to  that 
brilliant  exploit,  with  feelings  of  pride  and  admi- 
ration. 

Return  J.  Meigs,  the  author  of  the  Journal,  was 
born  iJi  Middletown,  State  of  Connecticut,  on  the 
•28th  day  of  December,  1740.  In  the  year  1775, 
immediately  after  tlio  battle  of  Lexington,  ho 
marched  with  a  company  of  light  infantry  to  the 
neighborhood  of  Boston.  With  the  rank  of  Major, 
ho  accompanied  Arnold  through  the  wilderness  of 
Maine, and  in  the  assault  on  Quebec  by  Montgomery 
and  Arnold,  at  the  close  of  the  year,  he  was  mado 
prisoner  with  Captains  Morgan  and  Dearborn.    In 


L 


ixTrioiM'rTio.v.  y 

tho  yoar    177fi,  ho  was  oxH.angocl  and  rofurne.l 

horac,  and  in  tho  year  lollowing,  ho  was  proin(,tcd 

to  tho  rank  of  Colonel. 
His  expedition  from  Guilford  to  Long  Island,  in 

tho  month  of  May,  1777,  was  one  of  tho  most  bril- 
liant  enterprises  of  tho  war,  for  which  ho  received 
tho  thanks  of  Congress  and  an  elegant  sword.     At 
tho  head  of  a  few  companies,  he  attacked  tho  Brit- 
ish trooi.s  at  Sag  Harbor,  with  fixed  bayonets,  and 
in  spite  of  the  resistance  of  the  soldiers,  and  of  the 
crews  of  the  enemy's  vessels,  he  destroyed  twelve 
brigs  and  sloops,  and  much  stores  and  forage,  and 
brought  off  ninety  prisoners,  among  whom  were 
tho  officer  in  command,  with  most  of  the  masters 
and  crews  of  the  vessels  destroyed,  returning  to 
Guilford,  a  distance  of  ninety  miles,  within  twenty- 
five  hours  after  he  had  left  it,  without  the  loss  of  a 
man. 

In  tho  year  1779,  ho  commanded  a  regiment  under 
Wayne  at  tho  storming  of  Stony  Point,  and  was 
honorably  mentioned  by  Washington.  In  the  year 
1788  or  1789,  lie  moved  to  tho  West,  and  was  one 
of  tlic  tirst  settlers  of  Ohio,  then  a  wilderness. 


IWM-' ««»■▼«»!> 


Vi 


INTUODUCTION. 


The  latter  part  of  his  life  was  devoted  to  the  ame- 
lioration of  the  conJition  of  the  aborigines  of  the 
country  as  agent  of  the  Cherochee  station,  and  his 
official  course  obtained  for  him  the  highest  confi- 
dence of  that  nation,  by  whom  he  was  emphatically 
denominated  »  The  White  Path."  Col.  Meigs  was 
a  pattern  of  excellence  as  a  patriot,  a  philanthrop- 
ist and  a  Christian.  In  all  the  vicissitudes  of  for- 
tune, the  duties  of  religion  were  strictly  observed, 
and  its  precepts  strikingly  exemplified.  He  died 
at  the  Cherochee  Agency  on  January  28, 1823,  aged 
82  years.  His  remains  were  interred  with  the 
honors  of  war,  amidst  a  concourse  of  sincere  friends 
and  in  the  anguish  of  undissembled  sorrow. 


( 


iZ)     rnn 


'^  Www  w  m  m  mmm 


JOURNAL 


JOURNAL  of  occurrences,  wliich  happened 
within  tho  circle  of  my  observation,  In  the  de- 
tachment commanded  by  Coi..  Benedict  Ar- 

NOLn,*(l)  consisting  of  two  battalions,  which  wcro 

detached  from  tho  army  at  Cambridge,  in  the  year  1775. 

Field  Officers'  names.      Col.  CiiRisToriiER  Guekn.  (2) 

Col.  Kooek  Enoh.  O)    Maj.  Return  J.  Mkiqs.  (4) 
Ma  J.  Timothy  Bioelow.  (») 
1775. 
Sept.  Dth.    I  marched  from  Roxbury,  (where  I  had  been  stat,  n- 
ed  the  summer,)  to  Cambridge. 


10th,  11th,  1 2th.    At  Cambridge,  preparing  for  our  march. 
13th.    In  the  evening  marched  to  Mystick. 
*  See  Appendix,  Note  I. 


i 

1  it^ 


H 


JH 


jonwAi,. 


'   14tli.  Continued  our  march  tliroujrli  the  towns  of  MalthMi, 
Lynn  and  Salem,  and  encamped  in  Danvcis. 


15th.  In  the  morning  continued  our  march  through  the  towns 
of  Beverly  and  Wendhani,  and  encamped  at  Rowley. 


IGth.  In  the  morning,  continued  our  march,  nndat  10  o'clock, 
A.  M.,  arrived  at  Newburyport,  and  encamiwd. 


17.  Sunday,  attended  divine  service  at  the  Rev.  Mr.  Parson's  (0) 
meeting  at  Newburyport.  Dined  at  Mr.  Nathaniel  Tracy's.  (7) 
Weather  fine. 


18th.  Preparing  to  embark.    Dined  at  Mr.    Dalton's.*  (8) 
Weather  fine. 


19th.  Embarked  our  whole  detachment,  consisting  of  10  com- 
panies of  musketmen  and  3  companies  of  rifle-men,  amounting  to 
1,100  men  on  board  10  transports.  I  embarked  myself  on  board 
the  sloop  Britannia.  The  fle<it  came  to  sail  at  10  o'clock,  A.M., 
and  sailed  out  of  the  harbour  and  lay  to  till  one  o'clock,  P.  M., 
when  we  received  orders  to  sail  for  the  river  Kcnncbcck,  fifty 
leagues  from  Newburyport — received  with  our  sailing  orders  the 
following  for  signals,  viz. 

Ist  signal.  For  speaking  with  the  whole  fleet.  Ensign  at 
maintopmast  head. 

2d  signal.    For  chasing  n  sail.    Ensign  at  forctopmast  head. 
*  Tristram  Dalton. 


[Tf      f 


JOITRNAL. 


9 


3(1  signal.    For  heaving  to.    Lanthorn  at  maintopma.it  Lead, 
and  two  guns  if  head  on  shore,  and  three  if  off  shore. 

4th  signal.    For  making  auil  iu  the  night.    Lanthorn  at  mast^ 
hrad,  and  4  guns;  in  the  day,  jack  at  forctopmast  head. 

5tL  signal.    For  dispersing,  and  every  vessel  making  the  near- 
est  harbour.    Ensign  at  mainpcak. 

6th  signal.    For  boarding  any  vessel.    Jack  at  maintopmast 
head,  and  the  whole  fleet  drawn  up  in  a  line,  as  near  as  po&slble. 

The  wind  being  fair  and  very  fresh  I  was  very  sea-sick. 

20th.  In  the  morning  we  made  the  mouth  of  Kcnnebeck  right 
ahead,  which  we  soon  entered.    The  mouth  of  the  river  is  nar- 
row.    We  were  hailed  from  the  shore  by  a  number  of  men  under 
arms,  which  were  stationwl  there.    They  were  answered,  that  we 
were  Continental  troops,  and  that  we  wanted  a  pilot.    They  im- 
mediately sent  one  on  board.    The  wind  and  tide  favouring  us, 
we  proceeded  up  the  river  ;  5  miles  from  the  mouth  lies  an  island 
called  Kousack.    Upon  this  isi.md  is  a  handsome  meeting-house, 
and  very  good  dwelling  houses.    The  river  to  this  island  of  very 
une(,ual  width,  Irom  one  mile  to  a  quarter  of  a  mile  wide,  tho 
water  deep,  jfreat  tides,  the  shores  gene. ally  rocky;  ten  miles 
from  the  mouth  some  elegant  buildings,at  a  place  called  Gcoige- 
town  ;  twenty  miles  fr.,m  the  mouth  is  a  very  large  bay,  calL 
3fen-y-nH>etingUay;  2.-)  miles  from  the  moull,  an  island,  called 
Swan  Island.    A  little  above  this  island  we  ca.ne  to  anchor,  op- 
posite  to  Pownalborough,  wIutc  is  a  block-house.    I  would  men- 
lion  here,  that  this  day  makes  fourteen  only,  since  the  orders 


^ 

ih 
i  ? 


1 


10 


JOURVAU 


were  first  given  for  building  200  battocs,  collectitg  provisions  for 
aud  levying  1,100  men,  and  marching  them  to  this  place,  viz., 
Gardiner  "a  Town,  which  is  great  dispatch. 

2l8t.  All  day  at  Gardiner's  Town ;  weather  fine. 

22d.  Embarked  on  board  battoes— proceeded  up  the  river  to- 
ward evening.  I  lodged  at  the  house  of  Mr.  North,  and  was 
very  agreeably  entertained. 

23d.  In  the  morning  proceeded  up  the  river,  about  6  miles,  to 
Fort  'Western,  where  an  unhappy  accident  happened  in  the  even- 
ing. A  number  of  soldiers,  being  in  a  private  house,  some  words 
produced  a  quarrel,  and  one  McCormick,  being  turned  out  of  the 
house,  immediately  discharged  his  gun  into  the  house,  and  shot  a 
man  through  his  body,  of  which  he  soon  expired.  McCormick 
was  tried  by  a  Court  Martial,  aud  received  sentence  of  death  ; 
but  denied  the  crime  till  he  was  brought  to  the  place  of  execu- 
tion, when  he  confessed  the  crime.  But  for  some  reasons  he  was 
reprieved  till  the  pleasure  of  General  Washington  could  be 
known.    (9) 


24,  25,  and  26th.  At  Fort  Western,  (10)  preparing  for  our 
tour  to  Quebec.  Fort  Western  stands  on  the  east  side  of  the 
river  Kennebeck,  and  consists  of  2  block-houses,  and  a  large 
house,  100  feet  long,  which  were  enclosed  only  with  pickets. 

This  house  is  the  property  of Howard,  Esq.,  where  wc 

were  exceedingly  well  entertained.    C'aptain  Morgon,  (11)  with  3 


I 


JOURNAf.. 


It 


companies  of  riflemen  "mbarked,  in  l>iittoeH,  with  orjers  to  pro- 
ceed with  all  expedition  to  thi;  i^reiit  ciirryingpliU'C, and  clear 
the  road,  while  the  other  diviaions  came  up. 


26th.  Colonel  Green  embarked  on  board  battoes  three  com- 
panies of  muskctmen,  with  whom  went  Major  Bigelow,  on  their 
tear  to  Canada. 


27th.  At  three  o'clock,  F.  M.,  I  embarked  on  board  my  battoe 
with  the  third  division  of  the  army,  consisting  of  4  companies  of 
musketmen,  with  45  days'  provision,  and  proceeded  up  the  river, 
hoping  for  the  protection  of  a  kind  Providence.  We  encamped 
at  evening  4  miles  from  Fort  Western  ;  the  water  some  part  of 
the  way  rapid.  I  had  forgot  t^'  mention,  that  the  navigation 
for  vessels  is  good  to  Fort  Western,  which  is  50  miles  from  the 
month. 


28th.  Proceeded  up  the  river the  stream  very  rapid,  and  the 

bottom  and  shores  rocky. 


29th.  In  the  morning  continued  our  route  up  the  river.  At 
11  o'clock,  A.  M.,  arrived  at  Fort  Halifax,*  which  sta.ids  on  a 
point  of  land  between  the  river  Kennebeck  and  the  river  Sebaste- 
cook.  This  fort  consists  of  two  large  block-houses,  and  a  large 
barrack,  which  is  enclosed  with  a  picket  fort.    1  tarried  half  an 

*  Fort  Halifax  was  built  by  Mr.  Shirley  in  1754,  to  awe  the  Indians  and 
cover  the  frontiers  of  New  England. 


m 


JOURN'AL. 


hour  at  the  fort — then  crossed  the  river  to  a  carrying-place, 
which  is  97  rods  carriage — then  proceeded  up  the  river,  which 
falls  very  rapidly  over  a  rocky  botton.  5  miles,  and  encamped . 
The  above  falls  are  Toconock. 


30th.  Proceeded  up  the  river  7  miles,  and  encamped,  where 
Colonel  Arnold  joined  us  at  night,  and  encamped  with  us. 

October  1st.  Proceeded  up  the  river  9  miles,  and  encamped. 
The  land  we  passed  this  day  generally  very  good  ;  the  timber, 
butternut,  beech,  hemlock,  white  pine,  red  cedar,  &c. 


2d.  In  the  morning  proceeded  up  the  Aver,  and  at  10  o'clock 
arrived  at  Scohegin  Falls,  where  is  a  carrying-place  of  250  paces, 
which  lies  across  a  small  island  in  the  river.  Here  I  waited  for 
my  division  to  come  up,  and  encamped  on  the  west  side  the 
river,  opposite  the  island,  with  Captain  (joodrich.  It  rained  in 
the  night.  I  turned  out,  and  jiut  on  my  clothes,  and  lay  down 
again,  and  slept  well  till  morning.  Our  course  in  general,  from 
the  mouth  of  the  river  to  this  place,  has  been  from  north  to 
northeast. 


.'{d.  Proceeded  up  the  river  to  Norridgtjwaik.  On  my  way  I 
called  at  a  house,  where  I  saw  a  child  14  mouths  old.  This  is 
the  first  white  child  born  in  Norridgcwalk.  (12)  At  7  o'clock  in 
the  cveuing,  a  little  below  Norridgcwalk,  my  buttoe  filled  with 
water,  going  up  the  fulls.  Here  I  lost  my  kettle,  butter  and 
pusitir.  a  lute  not  »'•  In-  i"|ilaied  here.     At  Norridgcwalk  are  to 


nm 


>i 


M 


JOrRNAT,.  J  8 

b«,  seen  the  vcstigos  of  an  rn.lian  fort  an.l  chapel,  and  a  priest's 
grave*  (13)  There  appears  to  have  been  some  intrenchment,  and 
a  covered  way  through  the  bank  of  the  river  for  the  convenience 
of  getting  water.  This  must  have  been  a  considerable  seat  of  the 
natives,  as  there  are  large  Indian  fields  cleared.  This  day  I 
wrote  to  Mrs.  Meigs,  to  my  brother,  and  Ensign  Warner.  Op- 
posite to  Norridgewalk,  which  lies  on  the  cast  side  the  river,  a 
river  comes  in  from  the  westward,  called  Sandy  River. 

4th.  I  proceeded  up  the  river  about  one  mile,  and  crossed  the 
river,  where  is  a  carrying-place  of  one  mile  and  a  quarter  ;  liere 
I  came  up  with  the  second  division,  commanded  by  Col.  Green. 

5th.  All  day  at  the  carrying-place.  At  evening  moved  one 
company  up  the  river  one  mile,  where  they  encamped,  waiting 
for  the  other  companies  of  niy  division. 

6th.  Still  at  the  carrying-pluce,  getting  over  boats  and  pro- 
visions. At  4  o'clock,  P.  M.,  I  proceeded  up  the  river  5  miles 
<ind  encamped. 


7th.  Continued  our  march  up  the  river,  and  at  12  o'clock  ar- 
rived  at  Carratuncas  carrying-place.  Here  the  river  is  confined 
between  two  rocks,  not  more  than  40  rods  wide,  which  lie  in 
piles  40  rods  in  length  on  each  side  the  river.  These  rocks  are 
polished  curiously  in  some  places,  by  the  swift  running  of  the 
water.    The  carrying-place  here  is  433  paces  in  length. 


*  Tlio  grave  of  SebMtian  Uallo,  the  French  Jesuit  missionary. 


mm 


" 


U 


JOURNAL. 


8th.  All  day  at  tlio  carrying- place  at  Carratuncaa— weather 
very  rainy.  Captain  Dearborn's  (14)  company  passed  the  carry- 
place  this  day,  at  3  o'clock,  P.  M. 


9th.  Captain  Ward's  (15)  company  passed  the  carrying-place 
this  day  at  12  o'clock.  At  one  o'clock,  P.  M.,  I  left  the  carry- 
ing-place, and  proceeded  up  the  river,  about  4  miles,  and  <!ncanip- 
ed.  The  stream  these  4  miles  very  rapid,  and  in  some  places  very 
shoal,  being  divided  by  a  number  of  islands,  v/hich  appear  fine 
land.  From  this  encampment  some  high  mountains  rise  to  our 
view  to  the  northward. 


10th.  Proceeded  I'p  the  river,  which  continues  its  course  north- 
west between  two  high  mountains,  and  encamped  at  the  great 
carrying-place,  which  is  12jo  miles  across,  including  three  ponds, 
which  we  are  obliged  to  pass. 


nth.  I  crossed  the  great  carrying-place,  as  far  as  the  third 
pond.  There  had  the  pleasure  to  discover  Lieut.  Steel  (IC)  and 
party,  who  had  been  sent  forward  on  a  reconnoitering  command, 
as  far  as  Chaudiere  Pond.  They  discovered  nothing  with  regard 
to  the  enemy.  I  returned  back  to  the  second  pond,  and  lodged 
with  Col.  Green. 


12th.  In  the  morning  I  repui'Sed  the  second  and  first  pond,  and 
we,it  to  the  river  and  gave  orders,  which  I  received  from  Col. 
Arnold,  for  building  a  block-house,  and  then  returned  and  cross- 
ed the  first  pond  and  encamped.    In  these  ponds  we  found  great 


\t 


JOIIIVAI. 


Ifl 


plenty  of  trout.  Col.  Enos  arrived  this  day  at  (ho  frrcat  carry- 
ing-placo,  with  the  4th  division  of  the  army,  consisting  of  three 
companies  of  muslvctmcn. 

13th.  Employed  in  carrying  our  boats  and  provision  across 
the  first  pond  and  the  second  portage.  I  went  myself  once  across 
the  third  portage,  and  returned  back  to  the  cast  side  of  the 
second  portage,  and  encamped  with  Col.  Arnold— the  wind  so 
high,  that  the  boats  could  not  cross  the  third  pond.  To  this  time 
our  men  have  killed  four  moose,  which  is  excellent  meat. 

14th.  At  eleven  o'clock,  I  repassed  the  first  pond  to  see  Capt. 
Dearborn's  and  Capt.  Ward's  companies  over.  I„ast  night,  a 
tree,  blown  down  by  the  wind,  fell  upon  one  of  our  men  and 
bruised  him  in  such  a  manner,  that  his  life  is  despaired  of.  In 
the  evening  I  returned  back  to  the  2d  portage,  and  encamped 
with  Capt.  Ward. 


15th.  This  morning  orders  were  given,  that  the  allowance  bhould 
be  3^  lb.  pork  and  ^^  lb.  flour  per  man  per  diem.  At  2  o'clock 
I  crossed  the  3d  pond  and  encamped  in  a  cedar  swamp.  This  3d 
pond  is  about  nine  miles  in  circumference,  and  is  surrounded  with 
cedar  timber.    This  pond  is  much  larger  than  the  other  two. 


16th.  In  the  morning  I  went  forward  to  the  Dead  River,  and 
took  part  of  Capt.  Goodrich's  company,  and  returned  to  the  third 
pond,  where  I  met  Capt.  Wards  company.  At  evening,  I  re- 
turned to  the  Dead  River,  marched  one  mile  up  the  river,  and  en- 
camped with  Capt.  Ilanchet. 


16 


JOl'RNAI,. 


17th.  In  the  morning  I  act  out  with  Capt.  Ifanchct  to  recon- 
noitre a  very  high  mountain  that  lies  about  10  miles  from  our 
encampment.  But  we  were  too  lato  in  the  day,  and  returned  to- 
wards evening  without  being  able  to  ascend  the  mountain. 


18th.  In  the  morning  ordered  eight  men  to  kill  two  oxen, 
which  we  had  drove  with  great  diflSculty  to  this  place,  and  to 
bring  forward  five-quarters  to  the  detachment  that  was  gone  for- 
ward, and  to  leave  three-quarters  under  a  guard  for  Col.  Enos'a 
division.  Then  I  proceeded  up  the  river  with  my  division  about 
20  miles,  the  water  running  with  a  very  gentle  current,  and  en- 
camped on  the  south  side  the  river.  Here  I  joined  Col.  Ar- 
nold and  Col.  Green's  division.  The  land  we  passed  this  day  very 
fine — thinly  timbered,  and  mostly  covered  with  grass  as  high  as  a 
man's  waist. 


19th.  In  the  morning  it  rained.  We  tarried  in  our  camp  till 
2  o'clock,  P.  M.  Then  continued  our  route  up  the  river  5  miles, 
and  encamped  on  the  north  side  the  river.  This  afternoon  we 
passed  three  small  fulls ;  the  current,  except  the  fall,  very  gentle. 
This  day  I  received  orders  from  Col.  Arnold  to  proceed  with  my 
division,  with  the  greatest  expedition,  to  Chaudicre  River,  and 
when  arrived  there,  to  make  up  our  rartridges,  and  wait  for  the 
rear  division,  and  furnish  a  number  of  pioneers,  under  command 
of  Mr.  Ayres,  to  clear  the  carrying-place. 


20th.  Proceeded  up  the  river,  passed  several  small  fulls  and  one 


wmmmmm 


mm 


JOCRJfAf, 


n 


portaec  only  13  roda  across,  and  encamped  at  evening.  Weather 
rainy  rJI  day, 

2rst.  In  the  morning  proceeded  up  the  river  about  3  miles,  to 
a  carrying-placo  35  perches  across.  Then  continued  our  route 
up  the  river  about  2  n.ilcs  to  a  portage  30  perches  across,  where 
wc  eiMjamjxJiL 

22d.  Continued  our  route  up  the  river  about  three  miles.  In 
our  way  we  passed  2  portages,  or  carrying-places,  each  74  perches. 
Our  whole  course  this  day  is  only  3  miles,  owing  to  the  extraor.' 
dinary  rise  of  the  river  the  last  night.  In  some  parts  of  the  river 
the  water  rose  8  feet  perpendicular,  and  in  many  places  overflow- 
ed its  banks,  and  filled  tlw  country  with  water,  which  made  it 
very  difficult  for  our  awn  that  were  on  shore  to  march. 

23d.  In  the  morning  continued  the  march,  though  very  slow,  on 
account  of  the  rapidity  of  the  stream.  A  number  of  our  men 
that  marched  on  the  shore,  marched  up  a  river  that  came  in  from 
the  westward,  mistaking  it  for  the  main  river,  which,  as  soon  as 
we  discovered,  we  despatched  some  boats  after  them.  The  river 
now  falls  last.  Encampad  this  evening  at  a  carrying-place,  15 
perches  across.  Hero  a  council  was  held,  in  which  it  was  re- 
solved  that  a  captain,  with  50  men,  should  march  with  all  des- 
patch  by  land  to  Chaudiere  pond,  and  that  the  sick  of  my  divis- 
ion and  Captain  Morgan's,  should  return  back  to  Cambridge. 
At  this  phice  the  stream  u  very  rapid,  in  passing  which,  five  ..»• 


18 


,101'nNAL. 


six  Imtlops  llllt'il  nnd  ovi^rsct,  l»y  which  wo  hwt  sovoral  barrels  of 
])rovisioiis,  a  tmnibor  of  suns,  some  dothca  and  oasli. 


2  4tii.  rroccedoil  up  the  river,  thouj,'h  with  great  fatigue,  the 
water  being  very  rapid.  Our  whole  course  this  day  only  4  miles, 
when  we  encamped.  This  day  I  wrote  to  Mrs.  Meigs  by  tho 
officer  that  returned  with  tho  sick. 


2.')th.  Continued  onr  route  up  the  river,  about  six  miles  and 
tncainped  ;  the  stream  very  rajjid.  In  our  way  we  passed  3 
carrying-places,  two  of  them  4  rods  each,  the  other  90  rods. 


2Cth.  Continued  our  route,  and  soon  entered  a  pond,  about 
two  miles  across,  and  passed  through  a  narrow  strait,  only  2J;; 
jicrches  wide,  about  4  rods  long ;  then  entered  another  small 
pond  al)Out  a  mile  over,  and  then  through  a  narrow  strait,  about 
a  mile  and  a  half  long,  to  a  third  pond,  three  miles  wide  ;  then 
passed  through  a  narrow  strait,  nnd  entered  a  fourth  pond,  about 
a  quarter  of  a  mile  wide  ;  then  entered  a  narrow,  crooked  river 
about  three  miles  in  length,  to  a  carrying-place,  15  jierches  across, 
to  a  pond  about  100  perches  across,  and  encamped  on  the  north- 
west side,  upon  a  high  hill,  which  is  a  carrying-place.  These 
ponds  are  surrounded  with  mountains. 


27th.  In  the  morning  continued  our  route  across  the  carrying- 
place,  which  is  one  mile,  to  a  pond  50  rods  wide,  to  a  carrying- 
place,  44  perches  long,  to  a  pond  about  two  miles  wide,  to  a  car- 


9^. 


jncnNAn, 


19 


rying-pltiee  of  4  miles  and  fiO  itcrcheg.  This  earrying-pliu-c  lies 
acrosH  the  height  of  land.  (Tiiis  high  hinil  runs  through  the 
colonics  to  Georgiii.)  It  is  about  two  miles  from  the  last-men- 
tioned pond  to  the  height,  where  the  streams  all  run  the  reverse 
of  the  rivers  we  came  up  in.  We  encamped  this  evening  on  the 
height  of  land. 


28th.  In  the  morning  crossed  the  heights  to  Chaudiere  River. 
Made  division  of  our  provisions  and  ammunition,  and  marched 
back  upon  the  height  and  encamped.  Here  I  delivered  the  fol- 
lowing sums  of  money  to  the  following  persons :  to  Col.  Green 
fiOO  dollars,  to  Major  Digelow  501  do.,  and  paid  Mr.  Uatchel  * 
44  dollars ;  paid  to  Mr.  Berry  £4  .')s.  lawful  money. 


29th,  Continued  our  march  by  land  towards  Quebec.  At  one 
o'clock  we  came  to  Nrpress  Lake,  wliich  we  then  suj)poscd  to  be 
Ammeguntick  Lake,  but  were  mistaken.  Wo  continued  our 
march  till  night,  and  encamped  on  the  bank  of  I^ake  Nepress, 
where  there  had  been  an  Indian  camp. 


30th.    Marchetl  through  the  woods  about  15  miles,  and  en- 
camped near  the  north  end  of  Ammcguntic  Lake. 


November  Ist.  Continued  our  march  through  the  woods— the 

marching  this  day  exceedingly  bad.    This  day  I  passed  a  number 

of  soldiers  who  had  ro  provisions,  and  some  that  were  sick,  and 

not  in  my  power  to  help  or  relievo  them,  except  to  encourage 

*  Nehemiah  Gatchel,  employed  aa  a  guidu. 


thorn.  One  or  two  dogs  wore  killocJ,  wliioli  tho  JiatroKBod  aol.Iifrs 
eat,  with  good  uppetite,  even  the  feet  and  skiiw.  (17)  This  day, 
on  our  march  upon  the  banks  of  the  Chaudioro,  we  Haw  several 
boats,  which  were  split  upon  the  rock?,  and  one  of  Captain  Mor- 
gan*8  men  was  drowned.*  The  travelling  this  day  and  yesterday 
very  bad,  over  mountains  and  morasses. 

2d.  In  the  morning  continued  our  march  on  the  banks  of  the 
Chaudiere.  The  marching  this  day  better  than  we  have  had. 
The  river  grows  wider  and  runs  very  (,uick,  and  some  places  very 
shallow.  We  passed  this  day  several  small  islands-thc  weather 
this  day  exceeding  fine,  clear,  and  as  warm  as  ever  I  saw  ut 
this  season  iu  New  England. 

3d.  Continued  our  march  on  the  banks  of  the  Chaudiere.  At 
1?  o'clock  we  met  provisions,  to  the  inexpressible  Joy  of  our  sol- 
dl*....  who  were  near  starving.  After  refreshing  ourselves, 
marched  a  few  miles  and  cncaniped. 

4th.  In  the  morning  continued  our  march.  At  11  o'clock 
arrived  at  a  French  house,  and  were  hospitably  used.  This  is 
the  first  house  I  saw  for  31  days,  having  been  that  time  in  a 
rough,  barren,  uninhabited  wilderness,  where  wo  never  saw  hu- 
man being,  except  our  own  men.  Immediately  after  our  arrival , 
wo  were  supplied  with  fresh  beef,  fowls,  butter,  pheasants,  and' 
vegetables.  This  settlement  Is  called  Scrtigan.  It  lies  25 
leagues  from  Quebec. 

•  The  name  of  this  man  was  Oeorgo  Innis.    Capt.  Morgan  himself  nar- 
rowly escaped  the  same  fate. 


■■■ 


••<»ni\Ai,.  At 

^>l,.  Afun.|u..l  ,lo.„  ,0  11,,.  purisi,  of  St.  Mary'^^th,  country 

|»i<niaiciU(<. 

Cth.  7th.  8th  ttn.l  0th.    I  wu..  on  business  up  and  down  the 
country  on  ouch  side  the  rivor-tho  Cunadiuns  very  hospita- 
ble.   Tins  day  our  n.cn,  that  were  gone  forward  to  Point  U^\ 
made  prisoner  of  Mr.  MKenzie.a  midsln-pman  of  the  Jluntct^ 
Hlooii-of-war.    'I'his  night  1  lodged  at  St.  Henry's. 

10th.  I  marched  down  to  point  Ixvi,  and  joined  the  detneh- 
ment. 

nth,  12th  and  l.'Jth.     I  was  at  Point  Levi.    Nothing  eslra- 
ordinary  happencl,  except  that  a  deserter  camo  in  to  us  from 
<iuel.ec,  hy  whom  we  arc  inf<»rmed  timt  Col.  M'Lean  (18)  had 
arrived  from  Sore!  with  his  regiment.    I  hail  forgot  to  mention 
that  the  Lizard  frigate  arriv.^  a  few  days  before  our  arrival  at 
Point  Levi.    On  the  evening  .,f  this  day,  at  nine  o'clock,  we  be- 
gan  to  embark  our  men  on  board  35  canoes,  and  at  4  oolock  in 
the  morning  wo  got  over  and  landcl  about  m  men,  entirely  un- 
.liscovered,  although  two  men-of-war  were  stationinl  to  prevent 
us.    We  landed  at  the  same  place  that  General  AV'olfe  did,  in  a 
small  cove,  which  is  now  called  Wo/fe's  Cove.    Soon  after  our 
landing,  a  barge  from  the  Lizard  frigate  came  rowing  up  the 
river.    AVe  haile«l  her,  and  ordered  her  to  come  in  to  the  shore. 
They  refusing,  we  ilred  upon  them.    They  pushed  oflf  shore,  and 


„._*■ 


22  .'OIRXAL. 

cried  out.  After  parading  our  men  on  tbc  heights,  and  sending 
a  reconnoitering  party  towards  the  city,  and  placing  sentries,  we 
marched  across  the  plains  of  Abrani,  and  took  possession  of  a 
large  house,  which  was  formerly  owned  by  General  Murray,  (19) 
and  other  houses  adjacent,  which  were  fine  accommodations  for 
our  troops. 


14tli.  This  morning  employed  in  placing  proper  guards  on  tho 
difl'erent  roads  to  cut  olT  the  comnumication  between  the  city  and 
country.  At  12  o'clock  the  enemy  surprised  one  of  our  advanced 
sentries  and  made  him  prisoner.  (20)  The  guard  soon  discovered 
the  enemy,  and  pursued,  but  were  not  able  to  overtake  them. 
We  rallied  tlie  main  bo<ly,  and  marched  upon  the  heights  near 
the  city,  and  gave  tl-eiu  three  huzias,and  marched  our  men  fairly 
in  their  view  ;  but  they  did  not  choose  to  come  out  to  us.  They 
gave  us  a  few  shot  from  the  ramparts.  We  then  returned  to  our 
camp.  This  afternoon  they  set  fire  to  the  suburbs,  and  burned 
several  houses.  This  evening  Col.  Arnold  sent  a  flag  to  the 
town,  with  a  demand  of  the  garrison,  in  the  name  and  behalf  of 
the  United  Colonies.  As  the  flag  approached  the  walls,  he  was 
fired  upon,  contrary  to  all  rule  or  custom  on  such  occasions.  We 
constantly  lie  on  our  arms  to  prevent  surprise.  We  are  informed 
by  a  gentleman  from  Quebec,  that  we  might  expect  an  attack 
very  soon,  from  Quebec. 


15th.  The  commanding  officer  this  <l»y  sent  into  the  town  a  flag, 
concluding  that  the  firing  on  our  flag  yesterday  was  through 


p 


I'M'ItS'AI,. 


23 


mistake ;  but  lie  was  trotite.!  in  tiic  .^ainc  iniU)iierasye,,tercliiy.  on 
wiiic'h  lie  returned.  An  expre^w  went  (ifT  to  Uenenil  Montgomery 
tliis  morning.  About  12  o'clock  we  were  alarmed  with  a  report, 
that  troops  in  town  were  coming  out  to  attack  us.  AV'e  turned 
out  to  meet  them  ;  but  it  prov.'d  a  false  report. 


ICth.  This  morning  it  is  reported,  that  ^fontreal  surrendered 
to  General  Montgomery  the  last  Sabbath,  and  that  the  shipping 
were  taken.  (21)  One  of  our  men,  a  sergeant  in  one  of  the  riflo 
companies,  received  a  shot  from  a  cannon  in  one  of  his  len-s. 
which  was  shattered  in  such  a  manner,  that  amputation  was 
necessary.  Tiiis  day  we  sent  a  company  of  men  and  took  posses- 
sion of  the  general  hospital.  The  Canadians  are  consiantly  com- 
ing in  to  express  their  satisfaction  at  our  coming  into  the  coun- 
try. 


17th.  The  sergeant  that  was  wounded  yesterday,  died  this 
morning,  with  great  composure  and  resignation.  "We  have  this 
morning  a  confirmation  o."  Ilie  surrender  of  Montreal  to  General 
Montgomery.  A  soldier  just  came  in  from  Quebec— no  intelli- 
gence extraordinai7  'rom  him— a  party  of  our  men  gone  over  to 
I'olnt  Levi  with  boats,  to  bring  over  a  part  of  our  detachment 
that  were  left  there  with  provisions.     Weather  pleasant. 


IHtli.  We  have  orders  to  parade  to-morrow  morning  at  .'{ 
o'clo(!k. 


19th.  Early  in  the  morning  denimpod,  and  marchutl  up  to 


T 


84 


.mPRVAI,, 


Point  aux  Trembles,  about  7  leagrues  from  Quelioc.  Tlic  country 
through  which  wo  marched  thick  settled  ;  every  few  miles  a 
handsome  little  cLapel.  We  have  with  us  7  prisoners  and  2  de- 
serters. 


20th.  An  express  came  in  this  morning  from  General  Mont- 
gomery at  Montreal.  The  coutents  are,  th^it  the  king's  troops 
had  abandoned  the  town  in  the  shipping,  and  that  he  was  about 
to  attack  them  with  row  gallies  and  boats,  with  artillery  mount- 
ed in  them  ;  and  that  he  should  immediately  join  our  detachment 
with  men  and  artillery.  We  have  now  au  express  ready  to  re- 
turn to  Montreal,  by  which  conveyance  I  wrote  to  my  family. 

21st,  The  curate  of  the  parish  at  Point  aux  Trembles  dinca 
this  day  at  head  quarters.  I  wrote  this  day  to  my  honored  fa- 
ther and  to  Mrs.  Meigs,  by  Mr.  William  Grubb. 

22d.  An  express  arrived  from  Montreal,  who  informs,  that  all 
the  shipping  there  were  taken  last  Sabbath  evening,  and  that 
General  Montgomery  was  about  to  march  for  Quebec. 


23d.  An  exprfss  arrived  from  Montreal,  by  whom  we  have  in- 
intelligeuce,  that  General  Montgomery  was  on  his  march  ycster- 
daj,and  that  he  had  sent  clothing  (23)  the  20th  instant  for 
our  troops.  One  of  our  men  came  in  from  the  woods,  who  had 
been  left  behind,  who  says,  that  himself,  with  one  more,  kille<l  a 
iorse,  and  lived  on  his  flesh  several  days. 


■M 


wmmmmm 


JOVKKAL. 


25 


24th.  TMs  morning  the  IFuntcr  sloop  of  war  and  3  other  arm- 
ed vessels  appeared  in  sight.  An  express  now  going  to  meet  the 
troops  that  are  coming  down  from  Montreal. 

25th.  Tlie  Hunter  sloop,  a  large  scow,  and  an  armed  schooner, 
came  to  anchor  opposite  our  quarters.  This  morning  a  number 
of  men  were  sent  up  the  river,  in  a  canoe  to  meet  thetroops  that 
are  coming  down. 


2Cth.  A  number  of  gentleuMJn  came  in  this  morning  from 
Quebec.    I  wrote  to  my  father,  and  two  letters  to  Mrs.  MeigB. 

27th,  Wo  arc  informed  that  the  house  of  Major  Caldwell,  in 
which  our  troop*  were  quartered  in  St.  Foys,  is  burned. 

28th.  Colonel  Arnold  gone  up  to  Jackarty  to  hasten  down 
the  ammunition. 

29th.  Captain  Morgan,  who  had  been  sent  down  to  the  neigh- 
borhood of  Quebec,  sent  up  to  our  quarters  twoprisoners,  which 
he  took  in  the  suburbs. 


30th.  This  day  an  espres.s  is  gone  to  meet  General  Mont- 
gomcry.  Captain  Duggiu  is  arrived  with  ammunition  and  pro- 
visions. 

1st  December.  General  Montgomery  arrived  this  day  at  one 
o'clock,  with  three  armed  schooners,  with  men,  artillery,  ammu- 
nition anu  provision,  to  the  great  joy  of  our  detachment.    To 


■■ 


S6 


JornxAt,. 


wards  evening  our  <lciivclinient  turned  out,  ami  marched  down  to 
the  General's  (juarters  in  two  battalions,  and  was  there  reviewed 
The  General  coniplimcntcd  us  on  our  appearance. 


2d.  In  the  morning  I  assisted  in  sending  down  our  field  artil- 
lery by  land.  The  largo  cannon  are  ordered  down  in  battoes, 
which,  when  landed,  the  battoes  are  to  go  to  Point  Levi  for 
the  scaling  ladders. 


3d.  Major  Brown  (24)  arrived  from  Sorel.    The  soldiers  draw - 
i  ng  their  clothing. 


4th.  We  marched  at  12  o'clock  for  our  camp  before  Quebec. 
At  evening  quartered  at  the  house  of  the  curate  of  the  parish  of 
yt.  Augustine.  We  were  entertained  with  hospitality  and  ele- 
gance.   The  curate's  name,  Michael  Beriau. 


r)th.  In  the  morning  proceeded  on  our  march  for  St.  Foy,  our 
camp  before  (Quebec,  where  we  arrived  about  noon.  This  day  1 
wrote  to  Mrs.  Meigs. 

6th.  I  wrote  to  Titus  Hosmer,  Esq.,  (25)  at  Middleton.  Weather 
cold,  with  squalls  of  snow. 


7th.  Yesterday,  I  ain  informed,  that  our  men  took  a  sloop, 
with  provisions  and  some  cash. 


8tli.  1  sent  my  watch  to  repair.    We  received  some  shot  from 
the  city,  but  no  j)erson  hurt. 


( 


. 


^ 


JOURNAL.  iff 

9th.  A  party  of  100  men  are  ordered  to  cover  the  train  this 
evening,  while  they  bombard  the  town.  I  went  with  tliis  party 
—twenty  seven  shells  were  thrown  into  the  town.  This  day  wo 
began  to  erect  a  battery  before  St.  John's  Gate. 

loth.  The  enemy  began  to  cannonade  our  camp  early  in  the 
morning,  and  continual  it  till  night.  A  party  of  our  men  are 
ordered  into  St.  Roch  thia  evening,  to  cover  the  train  who  are 
ordered  there  thisevening,  with  five  mortars  and  two  field  pieces. 
This  evening  45  shells  were  thrown  into  the  town.  The  enemy 
returned  a  few  shells,  and  some  24  round  and  grape  shot 
—none  of  our  men  were  hurt,  but  a  Canadian  woman  was  shot 
through  the  body  by  a  cannon  shot  from  the  enemy. 

11th.  The  enemy  kept  np  a  faint  cannonade  npon  our  men  thia 
day.  One  of  our  men  this  morning  lost  his  way  in  a  snow  storm, 
and  found  himself  under  the  walls  of  the  town,  and  was  fired 
upon  from  the  walls  of  the  city,  and  wounded  in  the  thigh,  but 
came  off.  This  evening  we  sent  45  shells  into  the  town.  I  had 
the  command  of  the  working  party  at  the  battery  this  night.  The 
weather  extreme  cold.  I  froae  my  feet.  The  enemy  gave  us  a 
few  shot  and  shells,  but  none  of  them  struck  the  battery. 


12th.  The  platforms  nearly  ready  for  the  gun  battery. 
Weather  cold.  One  of  our  guns  was  rendered  unfit  for  use  by  a 
shot  from  the  enemy. 


13th.  We  opened  our  battery.    We  had  two  men  wounded 


m 


JOl'nN'A  ,. 


tbis  day  in  the  bnttory  by  a  cannon  shot  from  the  (own.  Kivo 
men,  of  Col.  Livingston's  (20)  rogiment  of  I'lumilians,  were 
wounded  by  a  cannon  siiot,  wliicli  went  through  u  house  in  St. 
John's  suburbs,  where  they  were  quuiteieil. 


14th.  I  have  just  now  received  an  account  that  one  of  our  men 
was  killed  in  our  Imttcry,  and  several  wounded  this  evening. 
We  threw  into  the  town  24  bombs.  At  the  same  time  wc  were 
briskly  cannonaded  from  the  town. 


15th.  This  morning,  before  sunrise,  our  Iwvttery  began  to  play 
on  the  town,  and  continued  one  hour,  and  then  ceased  by  order 
of  the  General ;  and  a  flag  was  sent  to  the  city,  but  was 
refused  admittance.  After  some  discourse  with  the  officer  from 
the  ramparts,  the  flag  returned.  At  2  o'clock,  P.M.,  our  battery 
began  to  play  on  the  town.  Our  mortars  at  the  .same  time  began 
to  play  fronj  the  suburbs  of  St.  Itoch,  and  sent  into  the  town 
50  bombs.  This  day  we  had  two  men  killed  at  our  battery,  and 
one  of  our  guns  damaged  by  a  shot  from  the  enemy.  It  is  now 
in  agitation  to  storm  the  town,  which,  if  resolved,  1  hojH;  will  be 
undertaken  with  projier  sense  of  the  nature  and  importance  of 
such  an  attack,  and  vigorously  executed. 

ICth.  The  enemy  this  morning  began  to  cannonade  our  (|uur- 
ters.  Several  shot  struck  the  houst\  It  was  thought  ln'st  to 
remove  to  other  quarters.  One  of  our  men  was  shot  through 
the  body  with  a  gra|K' shot.     His  life  is  despairetl  of     T  wrot.' 


•»^«^ 


.101  I!VM,. 


2«.) 


Iliis  tliiy  to  Mrs.  Moigs,  by  wiiy  ol' Moiitreiil.  Tliis  tvening  ii 
roiiiiiil  was  hold  liy  all  tlio  cominission  officers  of  Col.  Arnold's 
dctaclimi'iit,  a  large  majority  of  which  were  for  8tonniii<r  the 
garrison  at  Quebec,  as  soon  as  th<,'  men  are  provided  with  bayo- 
nets, spears,  hatchets,  and  hand  granadocs. 

1 7th.  All  day  at  Capt.  Ilanchet's  quarters.    Nothing  extra- 
ordinary happened.    Weather  cold  and  snowy. 


18th.  This  morning  I  came  to  Mr.  Devine's  house  to  quarter. 
Tliis  day  I  wrote  to  Mrs.  Meigs.    Weather  snowy. 


19th.  No  occurrences  extraordinary.    Weather  moderate  and 
snowy. 


20th.  Weather  cold.    Several  of  our  men  have  the  8mall-j>ox 
at  this  time. 


21  st.  We  have  orders  that  ail  our  men  wear  hemlock  sprigs  in 
thc'r  hats,  to  distiuguis;]i  thorn  in  the  attack  upon  the  works.  I 
have  wrote  this  «lay  to  Mrs.  Meigs. 


22d.  Fropanvtion  is  making,  and  things  seem  ripening  fast 
for  the  assault  upon  the  works  of  Quebec.  The  blessing  of 
heaven  attend  the  enterprise.  This  evening  is  celebrated  aa  the 
anniversary  of  a  happy  event  or  circumstance  in  my  life. 


2.1d.  This  day  the  officers  of  our  detachment  met.    The  General 
attended  to  compose  some  matters,  which  were  happily  settled. 


MM 


80  JOIUNAI,. 

24th.  I  vas  on  a  general  court-nmrtiul.  Our  chuplain  *  (27) 
prcuclied  a  sermon  in  the  eliuiwl  of  the  (iencral  Hospital,  which 
is  exceedingly  elegant  inside,  and  richly  decorated  with  carvingH 
and  gilt  work. 

2.5th.  Col.  Arnold's  detachment  paraded  this  evening  at  Capt. 
Morgon's  quarters,  at  4  o'clock.  His  Honor,  General  Montr 
gomery,  attended,  and  addressi'd  us  on  the  subject  of  an  assault 
upon  the  town  of  Quebec,  in  a  sensible,  spirited  manner. 

Memo.  The  sun  sets  on  the  21st  day  of  December,  at  4  hours, 
13  minutes,  21  seconds,  and  rises  at  7  hours,  4G  minutes,  41 
seconds.    The  shortest  day  is  8  hours,  27  minutes,  38  seconds. 


26lh.  Nothing  material  happened.    Weather  cold. 

27tli.  This  evening  the  troops  assembled  by  order  of  the  Gen- 
eral, with  design  to  make  an  attack  on  the  works  of  Quebec ; 
and  were  about  to  march,  when  an  order  from  the  General  came 
for  their  returning  to  quarti-rs,  the  weather  not  being  thought 
proper  for  the  ujit tuck. 

28th.  The  following  came  out  in  general  orders,  viz  : 
"  The  (jcneral  had  the  most  sensible  pleasure  in  seeing  the 
good  disposition  with  which  the  troops  last  night  moved  to  the 
attack.  It  was  with  the  greatest  reluctance  he  found  himself 
called  upon  by  his  duty,  to  repress  their  ardour  ;  but  he  should 
hold  himself  answerable  for  the  loss  of  those  brave  men  whose 
lives  might  l)e  saved  by  waiting  for  a  favorable  opportunity. 
*Rcv.  Samuel  Spring. 


.inrnNAi.. 


31 


This  (lay  is  tlio  SStli  anniversary  of  my  birtii.  A  variety  of 
scenes  have  prosentetl  tlioinselves  in  this  sliort  t(frni— prosperity 
and  adversity  Imvc  alternately  cliequercd  my  path.  Some  dangers 
escaped,  and  favors  innumerable,  demand  a  tribute  of  the  warmest 
gratitude. 


29th.  This  day  dined  with  General  Montgomery,  and  spent  the 
afternoon  and  evening  with  him  in  an  agreeable  manner.  This 
evening  as  a  party  of  our  men  were  executing  a  command,  in  the 
suburbs  of  St.  Roch,  were  fired  upon  from  the  walls,  and  hod 
one  man  wounded  in  the  leg. 


30th.  This  morning,  between  the  hours  of  1  and  three  o'clock 
in  the  morning,  our  train  threw  into  the  city  about  30  shells, 
which  produced  a  number  of  shells  and  a  brisk  cannonade,  which 
continued  all  the  day.  As  it  had  been  determined  to  make  an 
attack  upon  the  city,  the  ladders  being  ready,  and  the  weather 
stormy,  which  was  thought  best  for  our  purpose,  the  troops  are 
ordered  to  parade  at  two  o'clock  to-morrow  morning. 


31  St.  The  troops  assembled  at  2  o'clock  this  morning.  TIiosc 
that  wore  to  niuke  the  attack  by  the  way  of  Cape  Diamond  (28) 
assembled  at  the  General's  ((uarters,  upon  the  Heights  of  Abra- 
ham, and  were  headed  by  General  Montgo  icry.  *  Those  that 
were  to  make  the  attack  through  the  suburbs  of  St.  Roch  asscm- 

•  The  division  of  tlio  army  coiniiinnded  by  Ocn.  Montgomery,  consisted 
of  the  ht,  2d,  3d,  and  4tb  battalions  of  Now  Yorli  troops,  and  part  of  Col. 
Boston's  regimcul. 


n-2 


iin'iiwi,. 


bled  at  our  pnnrd  lionse  In  S(.  Rodi,  and  woro  lipiidt-d  hyCol. 
Arnold ;  which  were  two  battuliona  that  were  detached  I'roni  tlio 
army  at  Cambridge  and  Roxbury, 

t'olonel  Livingston,  witli  a  regiment  of  Canadians,  and  Major 
Urown  with  part  of  a  regiment  of  Boston  trooi)a  were  to  make 
a  false  attack  upon  the  walls  to  the  sonthwt  i-d  of  St.  John's 
Gate,  and  in  the  meantime  set  fire  to  the  gate  with  combustibles 
prepared  for  that  purpose. 

These  difierent  bodies  were  to  move  to  the  attack  from  their 
respective  p'aces  of  assembly,  exactly  at  5  o'clock,  but  the  differ- 
ent routes  these  bodies  had  to  make,  the  depth  of  the  snow,  and 
other  obstacles,  prevented  the  execution  of  Colonel  Livingston's 
command. 

The  Qcncral  moved  with  his  command,  with  a  number  of  car- 
penters with  him,  to  the  pickets  at  Cape  Diamond.  The  carpen- 
ters soon  cut  the  pickets  with  saws,  the  General  pulled  them  down 
with  his  own  hand,  and  entered  with  his  aid  de-camp,  Mr. 
M'Pherson,  Mr.  Antill,  the  engineer,  Capt.  Clieescman,  and  the 
carpenters  and  some  others. 

The  troops  did  not  follow,  except  a  few  who  attacked  the 
guard  bouse.  The  enemy  gave  them  a  discharge  of  grape  shot 
from  their  cannon,  and  of  small  arms  at  the  same  time — at  which 
time  the  General,  his  aid-de-camp,  Capt.  Checseinan,  and  som«^ 
few  others  bravely  fell.  The  firing  then  entirely  ceased,  the  lights 
in  the  guard  house  were  out.  at  which  time,  it  is  said,  the  troops 
might  have  entered.  Col.  Campbell  (29)  thought  best  to  retreat, 
which  they  did,  and  carried  off  the  wounded  to  the  camp. 


JOl'ftNAt..  88 

1  now  coiiiu  to  Col.  Arnold's  division,  which  was  to  proceed  to 
the  uttucik  in  the  following  manner.  A  lieutenant  and  30  men 
were  to  march  in  front,  us  un  advonced  guard  ;  then  the  artillery 
company,  with  a  lield  piece  mounted  on  a  .^led  ;  then  the  main 
body,  of  which  (Japt.  Morgan's  company  was  first.  The  ad- 
vanced party  were  to  open  when  arrived  near  the  battery, 
which  was  raised  upon  a  wharf,  which  wo  were  obliged  to 
attack  in  our  way  ;  and  when  our  field  piece  had  given  them  a 
Mhot  or  two,  the  advanced  party  were  to  rush  forward,  with  the 
ladders,  and  force  the  battery  above  mentioned,  while  Capt. 
Morgan's  con)pany  was  to  march  round  the  wharf,  if  possible, 
on  the  ice.  Hut  the  snow  being  deep,  the  piece  of  artillery  waa 
brought  on  very  t>low,  and  we  were  finally  obliged  to  leave  it  be- 
hind ;  and,  to  add  to  the  delay,  the  main  body  were  led  wrong, 
there  being  no  road,  the  way  dark  and  intricate,  among  stores, 
houses,  boats,  and  wharves,  and  harrassed  at  the  same  time  with 
a  constant  fire  of  the  enemy  from  the  walls,  which  killed  and 
woundud  n\iml)ers  of  our  men,  without  our  being  able  to  annoy 
them  in  the  least  from  our  situation.  Tl«3  field  piece  not  coming 
up,  the  advanced  party,  with  I'aptain  Morgan's  company,  attacked 
the  battery,  some  firing  into  the  jwrt  holes  or  kind  of  embras- 
ures, while  others  scaled  the  battery  with  ladders,  and  immedi- 
ately took  i)Ossession  of  it,  with  the  guard,  consisting  of  30  men. 
This  attack  was  executed  with  so  much  despatch,  that  the  enemy 
only  discharge*!  one  of  their  cannon.  In  this  attack  we  lost  but 
one  or  two  men,  the  enemy  lost  about  the  sauw  nundtcr.    In  the 


34 


JOUKNAU 


attnc-k  nl"  tliis)  Imlterv,  (.'til.  Arnold  roccivwl  n  woiiml  in  ono  of 
hit)  \v}!»,  with  a  musket  hull,  ntxl  whh  carrie<l  to  the  Uiiivral  iloa- 
pita).  Aa  soon  as  tlie  priaonorH  wt-rc  tuken  caro  of,  und  a  few 
men  eunie  up,  which  wuh  ]H>rha|)8  hulf  iin  hour,  our  men  attempt- 
C(1  the  next  barrier,  but  could  not  force  it,  as  the  miiin  body 
were  some  time  in  coming'  up,  occasioned  by  obstacles  before 
mentioned.  To  add  to  this,  that  part  of  the  army,  commanded 
by  General  Montgomery,  after  his  fall  having  retreated,  gave  tho 
enemy  au  opportunity  to  turn  their  whole  force  and  attention 
upon  us,  so  that  before  our  men  attempted  the  second  barrier, 
the  enemy  had  got  such  a  number  of  men  behind  the  barrier  and 
in  the  houses,  that  we  wore  surrounded  with  such  a  fire  from 
treble  our  numbers,  that  we  found  it  impossible  to  tbrco  it,  tho 
enemy  being  under  cover,  while  wo  were  exposed  to  their  fire. 
Here  we  found  some  brave  officers  and  men.  To  add  to  our 
embarrassment,  we  lost  the  advantage  of  one  of  our  companies, 
which  was  quartered  on  the  north  side  of  the  river  St.  Charles, 
not  having  notice  in  season,  who  in  endeavouring  to  join  the  main 
body,  was  surprised  by  a  body  of  men,  who  made  a.  sortie  through 
Palace  Gate,  and  tho  most  of  ii\ii'  !i  made  prisoners.  Our  men 
near  the  second  barrier  took  posvjssion  of  some  houses,  and  kept 
up  a  fire  from  them  for  some  time ;  but  as  the  body  which  sallied 
oat  of  the  Palace  Gate,  came  upon  the  rear,  and  our  numbers 
greatly  lessened  by  our  killed  and  wounded,  it  was  thought  best 
to  retreat  to  the  first  battery  which  we  had  taken,  which  we 
did,  with  the  greatest  part  of  our  men  ;  where,  upon  a  consulta- 


ry 


.1(M  IINAI.. 


85 


•  ion  of  ofllctrs  prcspiit,  il.  wiis  tlio  iiminimoiis  o|)ini<)ii  timt  it 
W119  iinpructieublc  to  retreiit.us  we  must  Imve  im&seilu  groat  purt 
of  the  way  under  tlic  walls  of  the  town,  exposed  to  a  line  of  flro 
for  tt  quarter  of  u  mile,  aiul  our  rear  exposed  to  the  Arc  of  tlio 
enemy  at  the  same  time,  and  the  i)arty  that  sallied  through  Palueo 
Gate  to  oppose  in  front.  We  maintained  our  ground  till  about 
ten  o'cloek,  and  no  hopes  of  relief,  as  (Jeneral  Montgomery's 
party  were  gone,  and  were  at  last  obliged  to  surrender  prisoners 
of  war,  which  we  did  with  great  reluctance.  The  tiring  v ontlimed 
from  luilf-pust  five  till  about  ten  o'clock,  A.M. 

By  the  best  account  we  can  obtain,  our  loss  iu  killed  and 
wounded  amounts  to  about  one  hundred.  Tho  loss  which  the 
town  sustained  we  cuiuiot  obtain.  It  must  be  small  in  comparK 
son  of  ours,  owing  to  their  advantage  of  f<itnation. 

We  had  one  captain  and  two  lieutenants  killed. 

Wounded  ofTicers,— Colonel  Arnold,  L'apt.  JIubbard,  Cupt. 
lAmb,  (30)  liieulenant  Steel,  Lieutenant  Tlsdale,  Brigade- -Major 
Ogden  (31). 

The  loss  in  that  part  of  the  army  commanded  by  the  (loneral, 
besides  the  (Jeneral,  his  aid-de-camp,  Mr.  MTherson,  and  t'apt. 
Checseman. 

Trivates,  the  number  unknown— about  four  or  five,  I  am  f  inee 
informed. 

His  honor,  Brigadier-General  Montgomery  was  shot  through 
both  his  thighs  and  through  his  head.  His  body  was  taken  up  the 
next  day.  An  elegant  cotlin  was  prepared,  and  lie  was  decently 
Interred  the  next  Thursday  after. 


w  w 


5^'^ 


JorUNAL, 


I  am  informed  tbat  when  his  body  was  taken  up,  his  features 
were  not  in  the  least  distorted,  but  bis  couutenauce  apjicared 
regular,  serene,  and  placid,  like  the  soul  that  laic  had  animated 

it  (:}2). 

The  General  was  tall  and  slender,  well  limbed,  of  genteel,  easy, 
graceful,  manly  address.  He  hail  the  voluntary  love,  esteem,  and 
coniidcnce  of  the  whole  army. 

His  death,  though  honourable,  is  lamented,  not  only  as  the 
death  of  an  amiable,  worthy  friend,  but  as  an  experienced,  brave 
general,  whose  country  sutlers  greatly  by  such  a  loss  at  this  time. 
Tlic  native  goodness  and  rectitude  of  his  heart  might  easily  be 
seen  in  his  actions.  His  sentiments,  which  appeared  on  every 
occasion,  were  fraught  with  that  unafl'ected  goodness,  which 
plainly  discovered  the  goodness  of  the  heart  from  whence  they 
flowed  (33). 

In  the  afternoon  tlie  officers  wore  confined  in  the  Seminary, 
and  well  accommodated  with  bedding.  The  soldiers  were  con- 
tiued  in  the  llocollets,  or  Jesuits'  College.  I  dined  this  day 
with  Ciipt.  Law,  the  principal  engineer,  whom  in  the  morning  I 
made  prisoner,  but  in  a  lew  liours  1  was,  in  my  turn,  made  pris- 
oner, (.'apt.  Ijiiw  has  treated  me  witli  great  politeness  and  inge- 
nuity.   In  my  return  from  Capt.  Ljiw's  ipiarters,  I  called  at  the 

house  of  Mr. Munroe,  who  politely  invited  me  to  live  at 

his  house,  if  I  could  have  permission. 

177(5.  January  1st.  This  whole  day  in  the  Seminary.  The 
first  day  1  knew  confinement.     I  in)|»e  i  sliali  bear  it  with  becoiii- 


il 


m  w 


.10IRVAI, 


St 


ing  fortitude.  Major  M'Konzic  brouglit  (Jnneral  Moiifgoiiicry':^ 
kncc-bucklcs  and  Mr.  M'Pherson's  gold  broach  and  made  a 
present  of  tlicni  to  ine,  which  I  liighly  value  for  the  sake  of  their 
late  worthy  owners. 

RETUEN  J.  MEIGS. 


I  ; 


\  0  T 1^:  s . 


(1)  Bk.m;di(T  'lh.soi.i)  was  born  in  Norwich,  Conn.,  on  tiie  'M 
(lay  of  January,  1 741 ,  unil  was  broiiurlit  up  as  an  apothecary. 
IFe  (|uitU'(l  his  occupation  for  t lie  sea,  and  was  for  some  yer 's 
employed  as  master  and  su|)erearu:o  of  a  tradinjr  vessel.  He  em- 
braced with  entiuisiusm  tiie  republican  cause  af,'ainst  the  mother 
country,  and  took  command  of  a  company  of  vohiiiteers  at  New 
Haven.  His  good  conduct  raised  him  to  hi<,'lier  ollices,  and  he 
was,  on  account  of  tiie  boldness  of  his  character,  pointcil  out  to 
make  an  attack,  through  pathless  wilds,  upon  Canada.  In  his 
attempt  to  take  Quebec  by  surprise,  he  received  a  wound  in  the 
leg,  and  upon  the  failure  of  his  plans,  and  the  death  of  Mont" 
gomery,  he  withdrew  the  remainder  of  his  forces  to  Crown  Point. 
He  was  afterwards  emi)loyed  in  the  flotilla  on  Lake  Champlain 
where  he  distinguished  himself  for  his  gallautry  and  intrepidity. 
In  the  battle  of  Saratoga,  he  took  a  most  brilliant  part,  and  he 
and  Cen.  Morgan  were  the  master  spirits  to  whom  the  country 
was  indebted  for  the  defeat  and  surrender  of  IJurgoyne.  The 
names  of  Arnold  and  Morgan  can  never  be  forgotten  while 
Saratoga  is  remembered.  When  we  think  of  the  great  and 
glorious  services  which  Arnold  rendered  to  the  American  cause 


\(  >TI0«1. 


30 


it  must  ever  be  a  source  of  rcifret  tlmt  liis  sulis('f|uent  desertion 
of  tlitit  ciiuse,  tariiitiiiid  forever  a  iiiiiue  wbieli  otiierwise  would 
liave  shown  witii  uiidyin.!,'  lustre.  After  the  war,  lie  went  to 
En<,Wand.  lie  was  afterwards  in  Xova  Seotia,  and  in  the  West 
Indies,  and  was  at  one  time  taken  prisoner  by  the  French,  but 
escaped  in  a  way  that  none  but  one  of  liis  l)old  and  daring  char- 
acter would  liave  attempted.  He  died  in  London  ou  the  Utii 
diiy  of  June,  1801,  aj-ed  UO  years. 

(2)  CiiRisToi'HKnGRKKN  was  born  in  the  town  of  Warwick,  R. 
I.,  in  the  year  1 7;J7,  and  was  the  son  of  Pliilip  (ireen,  a  gentleman 
of  the  lirst  respectability,  who  was  at  one  time  Judge  of  the 
Court  of  Common  Pleas  in  the  county  of  Kent.  Christopher 
received  a  good  education,  and  was  particularly  attached  to  the 
study  of  Mathematics,  in  which  he  made  great  proficiency.  lie 
was  elected  at  an  early  age  to  the  Colonial  Ix^gislature,  and  was 
chosen  Lieutenant  of  the  Kentish  Guards,  and  in  1775  was  ap- 
pointed Major.  lie  was  at  the  attack  on  Quebec,  where  he  was 
made  prisoner.  He  was  afterwards  promoted  to  Lieutenant. 
Colonel.  His  gallant  repulse  of  the  enemy  at  Red  Bank,  was 
one  of  the  most  brilliant  events  of  the  war,  and  he  was,  by  the 
resolve  of  Congress,  voted  a  sword,  which  was  presented  to  his 
eldest  son.  Job  Creen,  in  178(J.  by  Uen.  Knox,  then  Secretary  of 
War.  Col.  Urci'n  was  barbarously  murdered  by  a  party  of 
refugees,  on  the  Croton  River,  near  Pine  Bridge,  Westchester 
(.'ounty,  New- York,  on  the  13th  day  of  May,  1781,  iu  the  44th 
year  of  his  age.  Ue  left  a  widow,  with  three  sons  and  four 
daughters. 


(li)  Ro(iKn  Knos  accompanied  Arnolii  in  his  expedition  to 
Quebec,  as  far  as  fifty  miles  up  Pead  River,  in  Maine,  when  ho 
returned  with  his  division,  in  coiise(|uence  of  the  want  of  pro- 


40 


NOTKS. 


visions,  and  thus  perlmps,  the  whole  army  wiis  ssiveil  from  dc- 
struction.  He  was  put  under  arrest  hy  order  of  Washin<rton, 
and  tried  (or  quittinjrtlie detachment  wiliioiit  orders  from  Arnold, 
but  was  acquitted  on  the  score  of  provisions. 

(4)  Major  Return  J.  Meios  obtained  his  name  from  the  fol- 
lowing interesting  incident.  His  fiither,  whose  Christian  nanio 
was  Jonath,  n,  rnd  who  was  a  resident  of  Middletown,  when  a 
young  man,  „■  i,  ing  a  companion  for  life,  and  paid  his  ad- 
dresses to  a  fair  >„  .  eress  who  resided  in  his  neighborhood.  He 
was  unsuccessful  in  his  suit,  and  was  repeatedly  rejected  by  his 
charmer.  Jonathan,  however,  had  some  spirit  and  wisdom,  as 
well  as  love,  and  persevered  in  his  efforts.  At  length  he  told 
Ruth  plainly  and  decidedly  that  it  was  his  last  visit.  He  mount- 
ed his  horse,  and  was  about  leaving  her  forever,  when  the  relent- 
ing lady  beckoned  to  him  to  stop,  saying,  in  a  sweet  tone  of 
voice,  "Return,  Jonathan  ;  return,  Jonathan:'  These,  the  happi- 
est words  he  had  ever  heard,  made  a  lasting  impression  upor  his 
mind,  and  induced  him  to  call  his  first  boru  son,  "  Return 
Jonathan." 

ITie  late  Hon.  Return  J.  Aleigs,  who  held  at  different  times 
the  offices  of  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Ohio,  a  Senator  in 
Congress,  Governor  of  Ohio,  and  rostmaster-General  of  the 
United  States,  and  who  died  at  Marietta,  in  March,  182C,  was 
the  son  of  Major  Meigs,  the  author  of  this  journal. 

(5)  Timothy  Bigelow  was  the  son  of  Daniel  Rigelow.  On 
hearing  of  the  battle  of  Lexington,  he  marched  at  the  head  of  a 
body  of  minute-men.  He  was  engaged  in  the  expedition  against 
Quebec,  and  was  taken  prisoner.  After  his  release  he  again 
entennl  the  army,  and  was  at  Saratoga,  Rhode  Island,  Valley 
FcTge,  and  Wrat  I'oint.     He  was  an  original  grantor  of  the 


NdTKS. 


41 


town  of  IVfontpolicr,  Vt.  As  a  benefactor  of  Ijoicostcr  Acade- 
my, he  is  honored  by  its  friends,  ilo  died  in  Worcester,  May .., 
on  tiie  3l8t  day  of  Mardi,  1790,  aged  50  years. 

(r.)  Rev.  Jonathan  Pausoxs  was  born  in  West  Springfield, 
Mass.,  on  the  3(»tli  day  of  November,  1705,  and  graduated  at 
Yale  College  in  1729.  lie  was  ordained,  in  17.W,  minister  at 
livnie,  Conn.,  where  he  continued  several  years.  The  last  thirty 
years  of  his  life  were  si)ent  at  Newbnryport,  Mass,  in  one  of  the 
largest  congregations  in  America.  His  labors  were  incessant, 
and  ho  sometimes  sunk  under  his  exertions.  He  wus  eminent  as 
a  scholar,  and  was  accounted  a  dexterous  and  masterly  rcasoner. 
His  invention  wus  fruitful,  his  imagination  rich,  his  voice  clear 
and  commanding,  varying  with  every  varying  passion,  now  forci- 
ble, majestic,  terrifying,  and  now  soft,  persuasive,  and  melting. 
His  church  is  now  called  the  Old  South  Church  of  Newbur \  port. 
He  died  on  the  lOtli  day  of  July,  177G,  aged  70  years. 

(7)  Nathaniki,  Tracy  was  born  at  Newbury,  afterwards 
Newburyport,  ^[asa.,  about  the  year  1749,  and  was  tiie  son  of 
Patrick  Tracy,  an  opulent  merchant  in  that  place.  Nathaniel 
graduated  at  Harvard  College,  in  17C9.  Upon  leaving  college 
he  commenced  business  in  his  native  town,  in  conipany  with 
Jonathan  Jackson,  an  accomplished  gentleman  and  thorough 
merchiint.  The  house  was  prosperous,  and  extended  its  concerns 
to  a  wonderful  magnitude  lor  that  day.  During  the  war  of  the 
llevolution,  their  inivateers  were  for  several  years  numerous  and 
successful.  Mr.  Tracy  was  generous  and  patriotic,  and  assisted 
the  Government  with  money  and  articles  of  clothing,  and  other 
necessaries  for  carrying  on  the  war.  He  lived  in  a  most  magni- 
liceul  slyli'.  having  several  country  s«  ats,  with  elegant  sunmier 
houses  and  line  lish  ponds.     His  horses  were  uf  the  choicest  kind, 


rfr-  i«i  ' 


li 


12 


Ndl'KtJ 


I 


and  his  coaciios  of  tlio  most  splendid  iimko.  In  tlio  last  j-oars  oF 
tiio  war  he  met  with  imiiieiice  losses.  Many  of  his  vesscla  wero 
captured,  the  (ioveinnient  failed  to  j)ay  him,  and  his  debtors, who 
were  iiunierons,  left  him  the  looser  of  larjie  sums  by  reason  of 
similar  diflicultii>s  eneounteretl  by  themsclvta.  Air.  Tracy  was  a 
gentleman  of  polished  manners  and  line  taste.  IIo  died  some 
years  ago,  the  exact  date  we  have  lieen  unable  to  ascertain. 

(!^)  Tristram  Dai.ton  was  born  in  Nowbni  v.  Mass.,  in  June 
IT.'iM,  and  graduated  at  Harvard  College  in  IT;");").  After  pur- 
suing the  study  of  the  law  for  a  while  in  Salem,  he  married  a 
daughter  of  lloiiert  Hoojjcr,  of  Marblehead,  and  enteri'd  into 
business  with  his  father,  Michael  Dalton,  as  a  merchant,  in  Xew- 
buryport.  For  nuiny  years  he  continued  actively  engaged  in 
mercantile  ))ursuits,  after  which  he  was  called  to  till  some  of  the 
most  responsible  ortices.  J le  was  a  representative  in  Congress 
from  Newbury[iort,  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representatively, 
and  a  mcml)er  of  the  Senate  of  Massachusetts,  and  lastly 
member  of  the  Senate  of  the  United  States.  When  his 
term  of  office  in  Congress  expired,  he  sold  his  estate,  and 
moved  to  Washington,  where  he  entered  into  speculations,  which 
proving  unfortunate,  reduced  him  from  aftluencc  to  poverty,  llo 
was  appointed  surveyor  of  the  ports  of  Boston  and  CharlestowQ 
in  1815,  and  continued  in  the  discharge  of  his  official  duties  till 
his  death.  lie  had  lived  on  terms  of  intimate  friendship  with 
the  first  four  Presidents  of  the  United  States,  and  had  their  con- 
fidence and  regard.  He  was  a  generous  and  warm-hearted  man, 
and  was  kind  and  considerate  to  his  servants,  of  whom  he  had 
at  one  time  a  large  retinue.  He  died  in  Boston,  June  1817, 
aged  77,  and  his  remains  were  brought  to  his  native  town,  and 
interred  in  the  burying  ground  attached  to  St.  Paul's  Church. 

(9)  Jamks  MrCoRMK'K,  who  shot  Sergeant  lieubcn  Bishop, 


NOTKS 


48 


wna  a  rosi(liiil  of  North  ViiniKMilli,  and  was  dral'tcd  froin  ('iipt. 
Hill's  coiiiiHiiiy,  Col.  Scainiiiairs  ]li'f,'imeiit.  He  was  an  i<,'no- 
rant  and  siniiili'  person,  and  liore  in  llic  company  to  wliicli  ho 
belonged  the  cliuiacter  of  a  peaecful  man. 

(10)  This  fort  was  formed  by  two  block  liouses  and  a  largo 
house  one  hundred  feet  lon^',  the  jjroperty  of  James  J  Toward, 
Esq.  Uuc  of  the  block  Inuises,  u  venerable  meuioruil  of  Indian 
wars,  is  still  standinj,',  near  the  covered  bridge  which  stretches 
across  tlio  river.  Judge  Jloward,  at  whose  house  the  officers 
were  entertained,  died  in  -NFay,  1787,  aged  8G  years.  He  was 
the  fir.st  comiuamlant  at  this  fort,  and  although  he  reached  a 
remarkably  old  age,  yet  one  of  his  soldiers  at  this  fort  lived  to 
be  much  older.  This  pert-ou  was  John  tJilley,  a  native  of  Ire- 
land, a  singularly  active  and  vigorous  man,  who  enlisted  about 
the  year  17r»i;,  and  died  at  Augusta,  Me.,  ou  the  9th  day  of  July, 
1813,  aged  about  124  years. 

(11)  DANiKr-  MoROAN  was  born  in  New  Jersey,  in  1737,  and 
uiove<l  to  Virginia  in  n;"),").  He  enlisted  in  IJraddock's  expedi- 
tion as  a  private  soldier,  and  on  the  defeat  of  that  general  he 
returned  to  his  occupation  as  a  farmer.  At  the  commencement 
of  the  Ilevolution,  he  was  appointed  to  the  command  of  a  troop 
of  horse,  and  joined  the  army  under  Washington,  then  in  tho 
neighborhood  of  JJoston.  He  distingnished  himself  in  the  expe- 
dition against  Quebec,  where  he  fell  into  the  hands  of  the  enemy. 
On  the  exchange  of  prisoners  he  rejoined  the  American  army, 
was  appointed  to  the  commanil  of  a  select  rifle  corps,  and  de- 
tached to  fssist  Gen.  Gates  on  the  Northern  frontier.  To  his 
exertions,  in  connection  with  those  of  (Jen.  Arnold,  the  country 
was  indebted  for  the  defeat  and  capture  of  (Jen.  Burgoyne  and  his 
army.     After  ii  short  retirement  from  service,  on  account  of  ill 


ii 


NOTKS. 


health,  ho  was  nppointcd  Uripiulior-d'pnonil  by  hrcvet,  am]  com- 
iiuuuU'd  ut  till'  battle  ol'CowiiL'iis,  where  he  signi-lly  del'eatwl  Col. 
Tarleton,  who  coniinanded  a  superior  Corce.  A  gold  iiiediil  was 
l»resi'iited  to  him  by  Congress  for  the  brilliant  part  ho  took  on 
this  memorable  oeeasion. 

Upon  the  ouvkksk  of  this  mc«]a!  is  an  Indian  (lueen  with  a 
quiver  on  her  back,  in  the  act  of  crowning  an  oHiccr  with  u 
laurel  wreath.  A  cannon  lies  upon  the  ground,  lu  the  back 
ground  arc  military  weapons  and  implements. 

Le(iksi).  "  Diuiieli  Mori<;an  dnci  exercUm." 

ExRRorE.  "  Comitia  Americana." 

Rkvkrsk.  An  officer  mounted,  at  the  head  of  his  troops,  c  ;vrg- 
ing  a  retreating  foe.  A  battle  in  the  back  ground.  In  front  a 
IKJrsonal  combat  between  a  dragoon  unhorsed,  and  a  foot  soldier* 

Lkuknij.  ''  Victoria  libertiitis  viiulex." 

KxKuaiK.  "Fneatis,  cojilisaul  cun/.v  ad  CowpenshosHbus,  XVII. 
Jan.  MDCCLWXi:' 

In  the  year  IT'Jl,  (ien.  Morgan  commanded  the  militia  of  \\r- 
ginia,  called  out  t(»  supj)res8  the  insurrection  ii\  Tennsylvania, 
ami  continued  in  the  service  till  171);").  Me  wasalU'rwar.is  elect- 
ed to  a  seat  in  Congress,  lie  was  a  brave,  comijcteut  and  bril- 
liant officer.     He  died  in  the  year  \1W. 


(12)  The  name  of  this  ciiild  was  Abe!  Farriiigton.  He  was  the 
son  of  Ca])t.  Thomas  Farriiigton.  (ornierly  of  Llroton,  .Mass. 

(i;{)  Skiiastian  IIai.i.k  was  a  Fieiidi  .Jesuit,  and  arrived  ut 
Quebec  in  Oct.,  1089,  and  acted  as  a  missionary  among  the  In. 
dians  of  North  America.  After  traveling  in  the  interior  ^v\m^\ 
years,  he  went  to  Norridgewock,  on  the  Kennebec  River,  where 
he  tarried  twenty-six  years,  nnd  till  his  death.  Iteing  consideretl 
a.-,  the  inveterate  ciieiiiy  ol'  tin.   l''.>..liJi  i,ii<|  ;i.h  stinnilaliiM'  the 


I^S^JtW*"' 


VrtTR'S. 


<IV 


Tndiuns  to  (lioir  frpquoMf  dpprpdsif  iotiM.  Cnpts.  Hnrmftn  nnd  Moiil- 
toil  wcro  acnl  in  1  "21  npniiiHt  llic  villiifrc  in  wliicli  lie  lived.  'Ilicy 
mirpriscd  it  Aii-r.  2:J,  1721,  mid  Icillcd  Ilnlic,  and  nhoiit  tiiirty 
liidiiiii?,  all  of  wliosc  sculps  were  brought  iiwiiy  l>y  Hurmoii.  Tho 
Jesuit  waa  found  in  a  wigwum,  and  he  defended  himself  with  in- 
trepid eouruge.  At  the  time  of  his  death,  ho  was  in  his  C7th 
year.  Ily  his  condescending  deportment  and  address,  he  acquired 
an  afttonishinn'  influence  over  the  Indians.  Such  was  his  faithful' 
nca?  to  the  political  interests  of  Prance,  that  ho  ever  made  tho 
olTiccs  of  devotion  serve  as  an  incentive  to  savage  ferocity,  for  ho 
kept  a  flag  on  which  was  depicted  a  cross  surrounded  with  bowa 
and  arrows,  and  ho  raised  it  at  the  door  of  his  little  church  when 
he  gave  absolution,  pnsvious  to  the  commencement  of  any  war- 
like enterprise.  lie  was  a  man  of  good  sense  and  learning,  and 
was  particularly  skilled  in  Ijitin,  which  ho  wrote  with  great  pa- 
rity, and  he  was  acquainted  also  with  several  Indian  languages. 
In  hia  preaching  he  was  vehement  and  pathetic.  For  the  last 
ninctiwi  years  of  his  life  his  health  was  feeble,  as  his  limbs  had 
bei>n  broken  by  a  fall.  An  ineffectual  attempt  was  made  to 
seize  him  in  1722.  but  some  of  his  papers  were  secured,  and 
among  them  a  dictionary  of  tho  Abnftki's  language,  which  ia 
now  in  the  library  of  Harvard  College,  It  ia  a  quarto  volumo 
of  .500  pages.  Two  of  his  hitters,  of  considerable  length,  aro 
preserved  in  tho  "  Lettrcs  Edifiantes." 


(14)  Henkv  Dkaruorji  was  born  in  Hampton,  N.  II.,  on  the 
Ist  day  of  March,  II'A,  Ho  studied  medicine  with  Dr.  Hall 
Ja(!kaon,  of  I'ortsmouth,  and  had  been  settled  three  years  when 
the  battle  of  Lexington  occurred.  He  at  once  took  up  arms  in 
behalf  of  his  country.  He  was  engaged  in  the  liattle  of  Bunker 
Hill,  and  in  the  month  of  Hepteinber  following,  accompanied 
Arnold  in  tho  expedition  to  Quebec.    Ho  was  hero  taken  prie- 


,F 


46 


KOTFS«. 


oner,  uiid  put  !m  iloso  coiifiiiotnont  until  May  177G,  when  lie  was 
permitted  ti>  return  Iiduic  with  Major  Meijrs,  on  piiroie.  Ilewaa 
t'xcluin^'ed  in  Alureli,  1777,  ami  wus  suhsetiuently  enpigod  in  tlio 
Imtlle  of  Sarutoj^a.  IIo  was  afterwards  enji:aji:ed  in  the  battle  of 
Monmouth,  and  in  1779  was  in  the  expedition  under  Gen.  Suli- 
van,  and  in  17H1  was  at  Yorktown  at  the  surrender  of  ( 5orn- 
wuilis.  In  178!)  Ik.' wasappointt'd  Marshal  of  Muinc.and  wossuh- 
se(piently  twiee  eleeted  a  meniiu'r  of  ('on<;ress.  On  the  accession 
of  .lellerson  he  was  appointed  Secretary  of  War,  und  held  tlic 
olfice  for  eiffht  years  with  entire  satisfaction.  In  Feb.,  1812,  ho 
received  a  counnission  as  senior  Major-tleneral  in  the  army  of 
the  United  States.  He  captured  Vork,  in  Upper  Uanuda,  the 
year  following,  and  soon  after  Fort  (Jeorije,  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Niagara.  After  the  peace  he  retired  to  private  lile.  In 
1822  he  was  ai>poiutcd  minister  to  Portugal,  which  office  \n'  held 
for  about  two  years,  and  then  returned  home.  He  dictl  at  the 
residence  of  his  on,  (ien.  II.  A.  S.  Dearborn,  in  lloxbury,  Muss., 
on  the  Glh  Juue,  lb29,  aged  78  years. 

(IT))  Samiki.  Ward  was  the  son  of  Uovernor  Ward,  of  Ilhode 
Island,  and  graduated  ut  IJrown  University  in  1771.  In  the 
year  1774,  he  was  enrolled  in  the  patriot  company  of  the  Ken- 
tish Ciuards.  Aa  a  captain,  he  was  in  the  camp  at  Cambridge 
in  1775,  and  accompanied  Arnold  throiigh  the  wilderness  of 
Maine  to  (Quebec.  He  was  made  prisoner  but  exchanged.  As 
a  Major  in  tirecns  Uegiment,  he  fought  at  Ked  Itank.and  served 
bravely  during  the  whole  war.  His  military  operations  were  then 
exchanged  for  those  of  the  merchant.  He  made  a  voyage  from 
I'rovidence  to  Canton  in  17^.'!.  ami  then  established  himself  in 
business  in  the  city  of  New  ^'ork.  His  allairs  carried  him  to 
Kurope.  (tn  his  return  he  settled  on  a  farm  at  East  Greenwich, 
li.  I.,  wiierc  he  lived  to  sec  his  children  educated  to  usefulness. 


'^™ 


VOTRS. 


41 


At.  lust,  to  1)0  iiPiir  liin  cliildrcii,  wlio  worn  in  biisinons  ip  Now 
York,  ho  roiiiovod  to  .luinaicii,  Ix)n<r  lyhiiil.  Herelio  lived  wntil 
it  pkujsL'd  (Jod  to  roinovo  liini  from  cuitli.  JIo  died  at  New 
Vork,  on  the  Idth  day  ol"  Aiii^iist,  I8;t2,  ujyod  75  yeiirs.  Mis 
wjli)  WI18  tt  daughter  of  Governor  AVillium  Greene,  of  Rhodu 
Island. 

(1(!)  An<'iirnAi,n  Stkef.e  was  a  man  of  active,  ccnrageous, 
ppriirhHy,  and  hardy  disposition.  He  Iwlongod  to  (Jajitain 
Matthew  Smith's  company,  from  the  county  of  Lancaster,  Penn- 
sylvania. 

(17)  One  of  these  dogs  helongod  to  (len.  Dearborn.  It  was 
tt  very  large  dog,  and  a  great  favorite.  In  a  letter  to  the  llev. 
William  Allen,  Dearborn  says  :— "  I  gave  him  up  to  several  men 
of  ('apt.  (ioiMlrieh's  company  on  their  earnest  solicitation.  I'hey 
carried  him  to  tiieir  company,  and  killed  and  divided  him  among 
those  who  were  aullering  most  severely  with  hunger.  They  oat 
every  part  of  him,  not  excepting  the  entrails  ;  and  after  finishing 
their  meal  they  col  lectwl  the  bones,  and  carried  them  to  be  j)Ound- 
ed  up,  and  to  make  brotli  for  another  meal.  There  was  but  one 
other  dog  with  tiie  detachment.  It  was  small,  and  had  been 
privately  killed  and  eaten.  Old  moose-hide  breeches  were  boiled 
and  then  in-oiled  on  the  coals  and  eaten.  A  barber's  powder  bag 
made  a  soup  in  the  course  of  the  last  tln-ec  or  four  days,  beforo 
wo  reached  the  lirst  settlements  in  Canada.  Many  men  died  with 
fatigue  and  hunger,  frequently  four  or  live  miimtes  after  making 
their  last  eU'ort  and  sitting  down." 


(IH)  Cor,.  Au.AN  MAcr-KAV  commanded  the  81th  Regiment, 
or  Iloyal  Emigrants,  composed  principally  of  those  of  the  gallant 
Trua'r's  Highlanders,  who  had  settled  iu  Canada — a  regiment 


48 


VOTHS. 


wliirli  was  of  f^ront  s(Tvico  to  llio  nriti«li  (lurin-,'  llic  invasion  l>y 
the  Aiui'riciiiiH,  in  177'). 


(19)  11ki(1.-(jIkn.  Jamkh  Mckkav  was  of  uh  undent  Scottish 
family.  Jlo  was  the  filth  son  oC  the  fourth  Lord  Kliitanli.  After 
the  laplure  of  Montreal,  he  was  for  some  years  (Jovernor  of  tho 
Province.  His  jjuldislied  documents  sliow  hiui  to  have  been  u 
man  of  keen  eiMjiiiry  and  observation,  just  and  impartial  in  hia 
government,  though  rather  hasty  in  his  teniin-r.  He  was  also  at 
onothcr  period  Uovernor  of  Minorca.  He  died  a  General  of  tho 
army,  in  June,  1794,  leaving  a  son,  Col.  James  I'atrlck  Murray. 

(20)  This  person  was  George  Merchant,  of  Morgan's  company, 
a  tall  and  luindsomc  Virginian,  a  man  who  would  at  any  time, 
give  him  fair  play,  have  sold  his  life  dearly.  Ue  was  stationed 
OS  a  sentinel  in  a  thicket,  within  view  of  the  enemy,  but  out  of 
eight  of  the  garrison,  and  in  such  a  situation  that  though  ho 
could  not  be  seen,  he  could  sec  no  one  approach.  He  was  taken 
absolutely  unaware  of  danger.  A  sergeant  of  the  "  seventh," 
who,  from  the  maimer  of  the  thing,  must  have  been  clever,  ac- 
companied by  a  few  privates,  slily  creeping  through  the  streets 
of  the  suburbs  of  St.  John,  and  then  under  cover  of  the  bushes 
sprung  upon  him,  even  before  ho  had  time  to  cock  his  rifle.  In 
a  few  days,  he,  hunting-shirt  and  all,  were  sent  to  England,  prob- 
ably as  a  finished  specimen  of  the  rijkmen  of  the  colonies. 
The  Government  there  very  liberally  sent  him  home  in  tho  follow- 
ing year.  Merchant  was  the  first  prisoner  taken  at  t^uebec  by 
the  British. 

Henry's  Jouraal,  p.  8G. 

(21)  MoNTKEAL,  which  was  entirely  defenceless,  there  being 
ijut  very  few  IJritish  troops  in  the  colony,  cai)itulated  on  tho 


TT 


.V0TE3.  19 

12tl»  .lay  of  November,  1775,  iin.l  Sir  Ony  CTurlcton,  the  Gov. 
crnor,  eoiiwiviiij,'  it  of  the  utmost  iinpoitiirMO  to  reaoli  (^leLcc, 
the  only  phiee  eiipul.le  of  .lefenee,  jmsned  tliroiiirh  the  Anierieiiu 
forees  at  Horel,  duriiijf  theiii«ht,  m  a  eiHi.H),  wiUi  nmHIcl  pad.lles 
ami  airiveil  in  (inehec  on  the  19th,  to  tlie  great  joy  of  the  gar- 
riHon  ami  loyal  iiilmbitant*'.  who  jrfaeeil  every  confidence  in  hi» 
well  kuuwii  courage  and  ability. 

Ilowkin  »'  Plct«re  of  Quoboo,  p.  423. 

Sir  Out  Cari.ktos  was  born  at  Newry.  in  the  (bounty  of 
Down,  in  Ireland,  in  17'JL'.  Having  enten'.^  upon  the  military 
life,  he  rose  to  be  Lieut.-Colon^^l  in  the  gimrda  in  171,s.  He 
served  uflerwarda  with  (i.-neral  Amherst,  in  An.orieu,  and  in 
17(12  distinguished  himself  at  the  taking  of  Ilavnnnah.  where  ho 
was  woimded.  In  1 772  he  obtained  the  rank  ol"  Alajor-Uencral, 
and  was  appointed  Governor  of  <Jt)iebec.  which  he  su(-ct-srullyde. 
fcnded  agair)Ht  the  AnK-rimna  under  Gen.  MontgonK'rv.  Ijy  hia 
exertions,  afterwards,  he  s.-ived  the  whole  of  ('anada!  for  which 
act  iKJ  was  made  Knight  of  the  IJuth  in  177G.  The  next  year 
he  becam-j  a  Lieut.-General,  iind  in  Ksl  he  was  apr-oinled  com- 
mander-in-ehief  in  Ameriia,  where  lie  remained  till  the  termina- 
tion of  the  war.  In  im;  he  was  a-ain  nominated  Governor  of 
(inek-e,  and  was  at  the  same  time  cn'uted  Lord  1  toreliester.  He 
married  in  the  year  1772,  Maria,  .laughter  of  the  Earl  of  Kiling- 
ham.  and  .lied  in  the  year  lH)K,  aged  Hii,  aud  was  sueeecled  la 
his  titles  by  his  grantlson.  Gen.  Carleton  was  an  able  oUieer,  of 
soun.l  judgment,  and  distinguished  for  his  humanity. 

(22)  Skiujkant  Di\<..v  was  a  man  of  goo<l  edueation.  He  was 
a  larmer  by  occupation,  and  was  possessed  of  a  -<,od  estate  in  W. 
Hanover,  Lsmcaster  ('o.,  (now  Daui.l.in  Go.,)  Pennsylvania.  Ho 
was  the  first  man  who  fell  at  (Quebec  He  was  struck  by  a  .36 
poun.l   ball,  whi.h   took  ..II  his  l.g  Vk'Iow  the  k.nr.  an.1  earrietl 


^BBBSSaSBHB 


t 


J 


60 


N'vri;^. 


l!'^ 


tnvivy  till'  lioiuN  nftliiit  par)  nitircly.  Flo  wiis  ('onvoyo<l  npnn  li 
litter,  to  the  lioiiso  of  an  Knglisli  piillenmii,  about  a  mile  oil.  An 
luiiimtatioii  took  jtlaei^ — a  ti'tauiis  followed,  wliicli,  about  nine 
o'clock  of  the  ensuinjic  Jay,  ended  in  the  dissolution  of  tiiis  honora- 
ble citizen  and  soldier.  An  anecdote  of  him  is  well  worthy  of 
record,  showing,  as  it  does,  his  patriotic  character.  The  lady  of 
the  house  where  he  was  taken,  though  not  upproving  of  the  prin- 
ciples or  actions  of  the  Americans,  was  nevertheless  very  atten- 
tive to  Dixon,  and  presented  him  with  a  cup  of  tea,  which  ho 
declined,  saying,  "  No,  madam,  I  cannot  take  it — it  is  the  ruin  of 
my  country."  Uttering  this  noble  sentiment,  he  died,  sincerely 
lamented  by  every  one  who  had  the  opportunity  of  knowing  his 

virtues. 

Henry's  Journal,  p.  92-93. 


(2.1)  AVhen  Gen.  Montgomery  took  possession  of  the  city  of 
Montreal,  on  the  l.'Jth  day  of  November,  the  naval  force  in  the 
river  was sunendered  into  his  hand,  and  Clen.  Prescott,  with  the 
vohuitcers  and  .soldiers  who  had  taken  refuge  on  board,  became 
prisoners  of  war.  Montgomery  found  plenty  of  woollen  manufac- 
tures in  Montreal,  and  took  the  opportunity  of  new-clothing  his 
troops,  who  had  sufl'ered  excessively  from  the  severity  of  the  cli- 
mate, the  badness  of  the  roads,  and  the  want  of  .suital>le  wearing 

apparel. 

Bosworlh's  History  of  Montreal,  pngo  75. 

(24)  Major  John  Brown  was  born  in  Sandislield,  Berkshire 
Co.,  Mass.,  on  the  19th  day  of  October,  1744.  After  graduating 
at  Yalo  (College  in  1771,  he  studied  law  with  Oliver  Arnold  in 
rrovidencc.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  I'rovincial  Congress  in 
177r),  and  afterwards  was  at  the  attack  on  Quebec,  wheie  he  ren- 
dered important  services.  He  was  appointed  Lieut.-Colonel  by 
Congress,  in  177(1.     In  the  fall  of  17S0.  he  marched  np  the  Mo 


NOTRS. 


51 


Imwk  for  the  rilicfof  (Ion.  Sclinylcr,  hut.  was  led  byn  fraitorlnto 
an  lunbuacadc  of  Caniuliftus,  Torios  and  Indians,  ut  Stone  Arabia 
in  I'ak'stinc,  and  was  slain,  on  Ills  birtli-day,  October  ID,  1780, 


aged  3(!. 


(25)  TiTi's  HosMKU,  of  Middletown,  was  born  in  the  year  1736, 
and  j;raduate<l  at  Yale  in  1757.  lie  was  for  many  years  a  repre- 
sentative of  the  (Jonnecticut  lA'gislatiire,  was  chosen  a  member  of 
the  Council  in  1778,  and  was  elected  three  times  in  succession  a 
member  of  tlie  Continental  (^on^ress.  in  1777,  he  was  speaker 
of  the  house.  In  January,  1777,  he  was  appointed  by  (Congress 
a  Judge  of  the  Court  of  Appeals  for  the  revision  of  maritime  and 
admiralty  cases.  In  his  mature  years,  ho  was  regarded  as  one  of 
the  greatest  men  in  the  State,  lie  died  on  the  4th  day  of  Au- 
gust, 1780,  aged  44  years. 

(2f>)  Coi,.  Jamks  LiviN(iST0N  was  a  native  of  New  York. 
He  had  long  resided  in  Canada,  and  was  appointed  to  the  com- 
mand of  a  regiment  of  Canadians  which  had  been  formed  by 
General  Montgomery. 

(27)  Rev.  Samlki.  Si-Rixd,  D.H.,  was  born  in  iVorthbridge, 
Mai--'.,  on  the  27th  day  of  February,  1 7  K!,  and  graduated  at 
IVmceton  College,  in  1771.  Ho  was  the  only  chaplain  in  Ar- 
nold's detachment  that  penetrated  the  wilderness  of  Maine  to 
Quebec  in  1775.  On  his  return,  in  HTfi,  ho  left  the  army,  and 
was  ordained  as  a  minister  on  Uio  Otli  day  of  August,  1 777.  Ho 
was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Massachusetts  Missionary  Soci- 
ety, and  held  the  office  of  President  of  that  institution.  He  as- 
8i8te<l  also  in  founding  the  'I'heologieal  Seminary  at  Andover, 
and  the  American  Hoard  of  Conunissioners  for  Foreign  Missions. 
He  was  distingiiishod  for  metaphysical  acuteness.    He  was  the 


50 


NOTES. 


antlior  of  several  works.  lie  was  a  minister  in  Ncwbnryport 
for  many  years,  and  was  an  attractive  prcaciier.  He  died  on  tiic 
4th  day  of  March,  IHl'J,  agetl  73  years.  Jle  was  tiic  father  of 
the  l{ev.  Gardiner  Spring,  Pastor  of  the  lirick  Church  in  this 
city. 


ii^  ■ 


n 


(28)  The  city  of  Quebec  is  situated  on  a  promontory  on  tlio 
north-west  side  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  formed  by  tliat  river  and 
the  St.  Charles.  The  extremity  of  the  head-land  is  called  Cujmj 
Diamond,  whose  highest  point  rises  345  feet  above  the  level  of 
the  water.  On  the  cajic  is  erected  the  famous  CitadeIj  of  tiuebec 
— a  formidable  combination  of  powerful  military  works — fre- 
quently called  the  "  Gibraltar  of  America." 


li:    -i 


\-i 


(29)  Col.  Campbem,,  being  next  in  lineal  rank  to  Montgomery, 
assumed  the  command  of  the  army  after  the  death  of  that  General 
— a  position  for  which  he  was  totally  uniiualificd,  for  instead  of 
inspiring  the  troops  and  pressing  on  the  victory  half  won,  he  was 
entirely  disconcerted  by  the  sudden  loss  of  the  commander,  and 
ordered  a  retreat,  leaving  behind  him  the  bodies  of  the  General, 
hid  two  aids,  and  twelve  others  of  the  detachment,  unburied  and 
uucared  for. 

Life  and  i  iines  of  Ouu.  Lamb,  p.  US. 

(;i(»)  John  liAMis  was  Ikhii  in  the  cily  of  New-York  on  the 
1st  .January,  in  the  year  173.">.  His  father  was  Antliony  Limb, 
a  celelirated  uptician  and  mutheniatieal  instrument  nniktr.  In 
his  early  youth,  John  followed  the  occupation  of  his  father.  Jlc 
afterwards  became  a  merchant.  In  the  war  of  the  llevolution. 
he  took 'an  active  part,  and  was  one  of  the  most  zealous  leaders 
of  the  sons  of  liberty.  As  a  captain  of  artillery,  he  joined  the 
expedition  again.'st  Quebec  in  the  year  ITTf),  where  he  w.is  se- 
verely wounded  and  taken  prisoner,     llf  was  afterwards  pro- 


01 


-^  w 


moknl  to  the  rank  <•!  Miijor,  aixl  in  tlic  year  1777  ndvaiiccd  to 
that  of  Li('ut.-(  'oh>ncl.  J  Ic  was  at  t!ie  attack  on  Daiibury,  where 
he  was  again  woundal,  and  narrowly  ericaped  deatli.  In  the  year 
1780  he  had  conunand  of  the  aitillery  at  West  J'oint.  Ho  was 
afterwards  promoted  to  the  rank  of  Brig.-Ueneral.  General 
Landj  was  a  valiant  soldier,  a  pure  patriot,  and  an  able  and  ener- 
getic officer.  He  died  ou  the  .•Jlst  day  of  May,  in  the  year  1800, 
and  his  remains  were  buried  in  Trinity  Church-yard,  in  the  city 
of  New  York. 


(31)  Matthias  0(inKN  joined  the  army  at  Cambridge.  He 
was  engaged  in  the  attack  upon  Quebec  under  Arnold,  and  was 
carried  wounded  from  the  place  of  engagement.  On  his  rctura 
from  this  expedition,  he  was  appointed  to  the  command  of  a  regi- 
ment, in  which  station  he  continued  until  the  conclusion  of  the 
war.  On  the  occurrence  of  peace,  he  was  honored  by  Congress 
with  a  commission  of  IJrig.-iJcneral.  He  died  at  P^iizabethtown, 
N.  J.,  in  the  year  i7!)l. 

(32)  The  following  facts,  taken  from  Hawkins'  I'icturo  of 
(Quebec,  (pages  439-^10,)  relating  to  the  disinterment  ot  the  re- 
mains of  Gen.  Montgomery,  are  umpiestiona'  '    aut  heiitic. 

In  the  year  1818  a  refjuest  was  made  dw  Governor-in- 
Chief,  Sir  John  Sherbrooke,  on  behalf  of  Mrs.  MonfLnoiiery,  the 
widow  of  the  General,  for  leave  to  disinter  the  remains  of  Gen. 
Montgomc  y,  in  order  that  they  might  be  conveyed  to  the  city 
of  New  \ork,  and  there  re-interred,  to  which  His  Excellency 
accedeil. 

Mr.  James  Thompson,  a  gentleman  of  respectability,  then  in 
his  .Slth  year,  who  bore  arms  during  the  siege  of  the  winter  of 
1  ii7.")-(),  in  delence  of  the  city  of  tiuebec,  and  was  present  when 
tiie  body  was  found,  and  saw  it  afterwards  interred,  was  now 


u 


\OTKS. 


:  1 


ordorcil  to  exploro  tlic  place  of  intcrnicnt  and  dij?  up  the  remains. 
'J'liis  heacconliiiiily  did,  in  (lie  presence  ol'onool'liis  Excellency's 
aids  de-ciinii),  ('apt.  Freer;  and  altiiougli  the  spot  where  the  body 
had  t)een  deponiied  was  entirely  altered  in  appearance,  from 
the  demolition  of  an  old  Imildiiiji:  or  powder  magazine  which  was 
near  it,  and  the  sul)se(|iient  constnietion  of  a  range  of  barracks, 
he  hit  ni)on  the  foot  of  the  coflin,  which  was  much  decayed,  but 
of  the  identity  whereof,  there  could  not  be  a  doubt,  no  other 
body  having  been  interred  in  its  innnediate  neighborhood, except 
those  of  the  (Jeneral's  two  aids,  ^Icl'herson  and  Cheesoman, 
which  wi're  placed  on  each  side  of  their  commander'a  botly,  in 
their  clothes,  and  without  coHins. 

Mr.  Thompson  gave  the  following  cert  ideate  of  the  facts,  in 
order  to  satisly  th"  surviving  relatives  and  friends  of  (Jen.  Mont- 
gomery, that  the  remains  which  had  bi-en  disinterred  after  the 
lapse  of  forty-two  yeurs,  by  the  same  hand  that  bad  interred 
them,  were  really  those  of  the  late  General : 


m 


'•  I,  James  Thompson,  of  the  City  of  Quebec,  in  the  Province 
of  Lower  Canada,  do  testily  and  declare — that  I  served  in  the 
capacity  of  Assistant-JMigineer  during  the  siege  of  this  city,  in- 
vested during  the  years  177.")  and  1770  by  the;  American  forces, 
under  command  of  the  late  Major-Cen.  Richard  Montgomery. 
That  in  an  attack  made  by  the  American  troops,  under  the  im- 
mediate connnand  of  (ieneral  Montgomery,  in  the  night  of  the 
31st  ]>ecend(er.  177"),  ona  IJritish  post  at  the  southermost  extrem- 
ity of  the  city,  near  Pri.i-ik-Vil/e,  the  (ieneral  received  a  mortal 
wom)d,  and  with  him  were  killed  his  aids-de-eamp,  McPherson 
and  Ciieesemun,  who  were  found  in  the  morning  of  the  1st  Janu- 
yry,  177(i,  almost  covered  with  snow. 

That  Mrs.  rrcntice,  who  kept  an  \v  tel  at  (Quebec,  and  with 
wJKini  (jieneral  Montgomery  had  previously  boarded,  was  brongbt 


f 

I-    i- 


NHTLN  55 

to  view  the  bo.ly,  after  it  was  placc.l  in  the  (iimr.l-Room,  and 
whicli  she  recofjfnizeil  by  a  i)articuiar  mark  which  he  had  on  the 
side  of  his  head,  to  l)e  tlie  (Joneral's. 

That  tlic  body  was  tlien  conveyed  <o  a  house  (Gobert's  *),  by 
order  of  Mr.  (Vamahe,  who  provided  a  genteel  coffin  for  tho 
(Jeneral's  body,  v/hidi  was  lined  inside  with  flannel,  and  ontsldo 
of  It  with  black  cloth.  That  in  the  night  of  the  4th  of  January, 
It  was  conveyed  by  nie  from  Uohcrfs  house,  and  was  interred  six 
feet  in  front  of  the  gate,  within  a  wall  that  surrounded  a  powder 
magazine,  near  the  ramparts  bounding  on  >St.  Lewis-Gate. 

'i'hat  the  funeral  service  was  perlbrnied  at  the  grave,  by  the 
Itevercnd  Mr.  de  Montmolin,  then  chaplain  of  the  garrison. 

That  his  two  aids-de-camp  were  buried  in  their  clothes,  with- 
out any  coffins,  and  that  no  person  was  buried  within  twenty-five 
yards  of  the  General. 

That  I  am  positive,  and  can  testily  and  declare,  that  the  coffin 
of  the  late  General  Montgomery,  taken  up  on  the  morning  of  the 
IGth  of  the  present  month  of  June,  1818,  is  the  identical  coffin 
deposited  by  me  on  the  day  of  his  burial,  and  that  the  present 
coffin  contains  the  remains  of  the  late  General. 

I  do  further  testify  and  declare,  that  subsequently  to  the  find- 
ing of  General  Montgomery's  body,  I  wore  his  sword,  being 
lighter  than  my  own,  and  on  going  to  the  Seminary,  where  the 
American  officers  were  loaged,  tliey  recognized  the  sword,  which 
affi^'cted  them  so  much  that  numbers  of  them  wept,  in  conso- 
quence  of  which,  I  have  never  worn  the  sword  since. 

Given  under  my  hand,  at  the  City  of  (iuebec,  I'rovinco  of 
liOwer  Canada,  19th  June,  1818. 

JAMES  TIIOMPSOX. 

*  fiobort's  houso  Wiis  at  tlio  comer  of  .^t.  Lcwia  iin.l  St.  Ursulo  Streets,  on 
tho  (file  of  tlic  bouse  now  nuiuborod  4i,  St.  Lewis  Street. 


r 


r.o 


VOTK- 


i.»  ,1 


m 


(Itli)  (iKN.  IIk'haud  MoNTiioMKiiY  was  liom  ill  th«  north  of 
Irelaml,  in  tlie  year  1737.  He  fouj^lit  under  (ieneral  Wolfe  ut 
the  battle  of  t^uebee  in  the  year  17;")!),  as  Captain  in  the  17th 
Eejjiuient  of  foot,  and  after  his  retiu-n  to  Enfj;laud,  he  quitted  his 
regiment  in  the  year  1772,  though  in  a  fair  way  to  preferment. 
He  came  to  America,  and,  on  liis  arrival  in  this  country,  pur- 
chased an  estate  in  New-York,  and  man  led  a  daughter  of  Judge 
Livingston,  of  Livingston's  manor.  On  the  breaking  out  of  the 
Revolution,  he  was  placed  in  command  of  the  Continental  forces 
in  the  Northern  ])epartment,  in  coimection  with  (Jeiieral  Schuy- 
ler. By  the  indisposition  of  Schuyler,  the  chief  command  devolved 
upon  him.  He  reduced  Fort  Chaniblee,  and  on  the  3d  day  of 
November,  1775,  he  captured  St.  Johns,  and  on  the  12th  took 
Montreal.  In  the  month  of  December  following,  he  niarclied  to 
the  city  of  Quebec.  The  city  was  besieged,  and  on  the  last  day 
of  the  year  it  was  determined  to  make  an  assault  upon  it.  The 
several  divisions  were  accordingly  put  in  motion  in  the  midst 
of  a  heavy  fall  of  snow,  which  concealed  them  from  the  enemy. 
Montgomery  advanced  at  the  head  of  the  New- York  troops 
along  the  St.  Lawrence,  and  app  ^aching  or.c  of  the  barriers,  he 
was  pushing  forward,  when  one  of  the  guns  of  the  battery  was 
discharged,  and  he,  with  his  two  aids,  McPhersou  and  Cheeseman, 
was  killcHl,  on  the  3Ist  day  of  Dec,  1775,  at  the  age  of  38.  This 
event,  i)robabIy,  prevented  the  capture  of  tiuebec.  Montgomery 
was  a  man  of  fine  military  talents,  and  his  measures  were  taken  with 
judgment  and  executed  with  vigor.  He  inspired  his  troops  with 
his  own  enthusiasm,  and  shared  with  them  in  all  their  hardships. 

His  well  known  character  was  equally  esteemed  by  the  friends 
and  foes  of  the  side  which  he  had  espoused.  In  America  he  was 
celebrated  as  a  martyr  to  the  liberties  of  mankind  ;  in  Great 
Britain  as  a  misguided  good  man,  sacrificing  to  what  he  sup- 
posed to  be  the  rights  of  his  country.     His  name  was  men- 


■  ft. 


! 


IVOTES, 


51 


tioncd  in  I'arliumcnt  with  sin<.niiar  respect.  Some  of  the  most 
powerful  speaivors  in  that  asseml)ly  displayed  their  eloquence  in 
sounding  his  praise  and  lanientiuf,'  his  fate. 

Hy  direction  of  Congress,  a  monument  of  white  marble, 
with  emblematic  devices,  was  executed  l)y  Mr.  Cassiers,  at  I'aris, 
and  it  was  erected  to  his  memory  in  front  of  St.  I'aul's  Church, 
in  the  ( 'ity  of  New- York.  Ilis  remains  were,  by  act  of  the  Jjcg- 
islature  of  the  State  of  New-York,  taken  up  by  his  nepliew,  Col, 
L.  Livingston,  in  the  montli  of  June,  1818— the  place  of  burial 
being  pointed  out  by  an  old  soldier,  who  attended  tlie  interment 
42  years  before— and  were  conveyed  to  tlie  city  of  New-York, 
where  tiiey  were  again  committed  to  the  dust  in  St.  Paul's  Church- 
yard, with  the  highest  civil  and  military  honors.  At  that  time, 
his  widow  was  still  alive. 


